Broadcast transmission apparatus, operation method of broadcast transmission apparatus, broadcast reception apparatus, and operation method of broadcast reception apparatus

ABSTRACT

Methods and apparatuses for transmitting and receiving a broadcast signal are disclosed. The broadcast signal transmission method includes encoding broadcast data and fast information for rapid scanning and acquisition of a broadcast service, generating a broadcast signal comprising the encoded broadcast data and fast information, and transmitting the generated broadcast signal.

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is the National Phase of PCT International ApplicationNo. PCT/KR2015/008766, filed on Aug. 21, 2015, which claims priorityunder 35 U.S.C. 119(e) to U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/040,418,filed on Aug. 22, 2014, all of which are hereby expressly incorporatedby reference into the present application.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present invention relates to a broadcast transmission apparatus, anoperation method of the broadcast transmission apparatus, a broadcastreception apparatus, and an operation method of the broadcast receptionapparatus.

BACKGROUND ART

In digital broadcasting, a plurality of broadcast services may betransmitted through a specific frequency, unlike analog broadcasting. Inaddition, detailed information necessary to receive a broadcast servicemay change depending on the circumstances of broadcast providers. Inorder to receive each broadcast service, therefore, a broadcastreception apparatus must scan the broadcast service to acquireconnection information necessary to receive the broadcast service. Tothis end, the broadcast reception apparatus must sequentially tune tofrequencies in a baseband, which is a frequency band in which abroadcast service is transmitted, to receive a broadcast signal, andmust acquire service connection information from the received broadcastsignal. In order to view a broadcast, therefore, a viewer must waituntil broadcast service scanning has completed. For this reason, manybroadcast providers prescribe a maximum time in which to completebroadcast service scanning, and require manufacturers to manufacturebroadcast reception apparatuses such that the broadcast receptionapparatuses are capable of completing broadcast service scanning withinthis maximum time. Therefore, it is necessary to provide a broadcasttransmission apparatus, an operation method of the broadcasttransmission apparatus, a broadcast reception apparatus, and anoperation method of the broadcast reception apparatus for broadcastservice scanning.

DISCLOSURE Technical Problem

It is an object of an embodiment of the present invention to provide abroadcast transmission apparatus, an operation method of the broadcasttransmission apparatus, a broadcast reception apparatus, and anoperation method of the broadcast reception apparatus that are capableof efficiently scanning a broadcast service.

In particular, it is an object of an embodiment of the present inventionto provide a broadcast transmission apparatus, an operation method ofthe broadcast transmission apparatus, a broadcast reception apparatus,and an operation method of the broadcast reception apparatus that arecapable of rapidly acquiring broadcast service connection information.

Technical Solution

A broadcast signal transmission method according to an embodiment of thepresent invention may include encoding broadcast data and fastinformation for rapid scanning and acquisition of a broadcast service,generating a broadcast signal comprising the encoded broadcast data andfast information, and/or transmitting the generated broadcast signal.

The fast information may include identification information of aPhysical Layer Pipe (PLP), through which service layer signalinginformation, including information about a broadcast service andcomponents, is transmitted.

The fast information may include information indicating whether allcomponents constituting a broadcast service are transmitted in a stateof being contained in a single physical layer pipe.

In a case in which all components constituting a broadcast service aretransmitted in a state of being contained in a single physical layerpipe, the fast information may include identification information of thephysical layer pipe, through which the broadcast service is transmitted,and, in a case in which all components constituting a broadcast serviceare transmitted in a state of being contained in different physicallayer pipes, the fast information may include identification informationof the respective physical layer pipes, through which the componentsconstituting the broadcast service are transmitted.

In a case in which components constituting a broadcast service aretransmitted in a state of being contained in different physical layerpipes, the fast information may include component identificationinformation identifying the respective components constituting thebroadcast service and length information of the component identificationinformation.

The fast information may be transmitted in a state of being contained ina common PLP, through which information shared by a plurality ofphysical layer pipes is transmitted.

A broadcast signal reception method according to another embodiment ofthe present invention may include receiving a broadcast signal includingbroadcast data and fast information for rapid scanning and acquisitionof a broadcast service, parsing the broadcast data and fast informationfrom the received broadcast signal, and/or decoding the parsed broadcastdata and fast information.

The fast information may include identification information of aPhysical Layer Pipe (PLP), through which service layer signalinginformation comprising information about a broadcast service andcomponents is transmitted.

The fast information may include information indicating whether allcomponents constituting a broadcast service are transmitted in a stateof being contained in a single physical layer pipe.

In a case in which all components constituting a broadcast service aretransmitted in a state of being contained in a single physical layerpipe, the fast information may include identification information of thephysical layer pipe, through which the broadcast service is transmitted,and, in a case in which all components constituting a broadcast serviceare transmitted in a state of being contained in different physicallayer pipes, the fast information may include identification informationof the respective physical layer pipes, through which the componentsconstituting the broadcast service are transmitted.

In a case in which components constituting a broadcast service aretransmitted in a state of being contained in different physical layerpipes, the fast information may include component identificationinformation identifying the respective components constituting thebroadcast service and length information of the component identificationinformation.

The fast information may be transmitted in a state of being contained ina common PLP, through which information shared by a plurality ofphysical layer pipes is transmitted.

A broadcast signal transmission apparatus according to anotherembodiment of the present invention may include an encoder for encodingbroadcast data and fast information for rapid scanning and acquisitionof a broadcast service, a broadcast signal generation unit forgenerating a broadcast signal comprising the encoded broadcast data andfast information, and a transmission unit for transmitting the generatedbroadcast signal.

A broadcast signal reception apparatus according to a further embodimentof the present invention may include a reception unit for receiving abroadcast signal including broadcast data and fast information for rapidscanning and acquisition of a broadcast service, a parsing unit forparsing the broadcast data and fast information from the receivedbroadcast signal, and a decoder for decoding the parsed broadcast dataand fast information.

The fast information may include identification information of aPhysical Layer Pipe (PLP), through which service layer signalinginformation comprising information about a broadcast service andcomponents is transmitted.

Advantageous Effects

An embodiment of the present invention provides a broadcast transmissionapparatus, an operation method of the broadcast transmission apparatus,a broadcast reception apparatus, and an operation method of thebroadcast reception apparatus that are capable of efficiently scanning abroadcast service.

In particular, an embodiment of the present invention provides abroadcast transmission apparatus, an operation method of the broadcasttransmission apparatus, a broadcast reception apparatus, and anoperation method of the broadcast reception apparatus that are capableof rapidly acquiring broadcast service connection method.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a furtherunderstanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute apart of this application, illustrate embodiment(s) of the invention andtogether with the description serve to explain the principle of theinvention. In the drawings:

FIG. 1 illustrates a structure of an apparatus for transmittingbroadcast signals for future broadcast services according to anembodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 illustrates an input formatting block according to one embodimentof the present invention.

FIG. 3 illustrates an input formatting block according to anotherembodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 4 illustrates an input formatting block according to anotherembodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 5 illustrates a BICM block according to an embodiment of thepresent invention.

FIG. 6 illustrates a BICM block according to another embodiment of thepresent invention.

FIG. 7 illustrates a frame building block according to one embodiment ofthe present invention.

FIG. 8 illustrates an OFDM generation block according to an embodimentof the present invention.

FIG. 9 illustrates a structure of an apparatus for receiving broadcastsignals for future broadcast services according to an embodiment of thepresent invention.

FIG. 10 illustrates a frame structure according to an embodiment of thepresent invention.

FIG. 11 illustrates a signaling hierarchy structure of the frameaccording to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 12 illustrates preamble signaling data according to an embodimentof the present invention.

FIG. 13 illustrates PLS1 data according to an embodiment of the presentinvention.

FIG. 14 illustrates PLS2 data according to an embodiment of the presentinvention.

FIG. 15 illustrates PLS2 data according to another embodiment of thepresent invention.

FIG. 16 illustrates a logical structure of a frame according to anembodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 17 illustrates PLS mapping according to an embodiment of thepresent invention.

FIG. 18 illustrates EAC mapping according to an embodiment of thepresent invention.

FIG. 19 illustrates FIC mapping according to an embodiment of thepresent invention.

FIG. 20 illustrates a type of DP according to an embodiment of thepresent invention.

FIG. 21 illustrates DP mapping according to an embodiment of the presentinvention.

FIG. 22 illustrates an FEC structure according to an embodiment of thepresent invention.

FIG. 23 illustrates a bit interleaving according to an embodiment of thepresent invention.

FIG. 24 illustrates a cell-word demultiplexing according to anembodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 25 illustrates a time interleaving according to an embodiment ofthe present invention.

FIG. 26 illustrates the basic operation of a twisted row-column blockinterleaver according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 27 illustrates an operation of a twisted row-column blockinterleaver according to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 28 illustrates a diagonal-wise reading pattern of a twistedrow-column block interleaver according to an embodiment of the presentinvention.

FIG. 29 illustrates interlaved XFECBLOCKs from each interleaving arrayaccording to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 30 illustrates the configuration of a broadcast reception apparatusaccording to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 31 illustrates a transport layer of a broadcast service accordingto an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 32 illustrates a broadcast transport frame according to anembodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 33 illustrates a broadcast transport frame according to anotherembodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 34 illustrates the syntax of a fast information chunk according toan embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 35 illustrates a broadcast transmission apparatus according to anembodiment of the present invention transmitting a broadcast service;

FIG. 36 illustrates a broadcast reception apparatus according to anembodiment of the present invention scanning a broadcast service;

FIG. 37 illustrates the syntax of a fast information chunk according toanother embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 38 illustrates the syntax of a fast information chunk according toanother embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 39 illustrates the syntax of a fast information chunk according toanother embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 40 illustrates the syntax of a fast information chunk according toanother embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 41 illustrates a broadcast transmission apparatus according toanother embodiment of the present invention transmitting a broadcastservice;

FIG. 42 illustrates a broadcast reception apparatus according to anotherembodiment of the present invention scanning a broadcast service;

FIG. 43 illustrates the flow of broadcast data used by a broadcastreception apparatus according to an embodiment of the present inventionto scan a broadcast service;

FIG. 44 illustrates the flow of broadcast data used by a broadcastreception apparatus according to an embodiment of the present inventionto acquire broadcast service information;

FIG. 45 illustrates the syntax of a fast information table according toan embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 46 illustrates the syntax of a fast information table according toanother embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 47 illustrates the syntax of a fast information table according toanother embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 48 illustrates the syntax of a fast information table according toanother embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 49 illustrates the syntax of a fast information chunk according toanother embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 50 illustrates the syntax of a fast information table according toanother embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 51 illustrates the syntax of a fast information chunk according toanother embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 52 illustrates the syntax of a fast information table according toanother embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 53 illustrates the syntax of a fast information chunk according toa further embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 54 illustrates the syntax of a fast information table according toanother embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 55 illustrates the syntax of a fast information table according toanother embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 56 illustrates the syntax of a fast information table according toa further embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 57 is a view illustrating the configuration ofFast_Information_Chunk( ) according to another embodiment of the presentinvention in a case in which all components constituting a broadcastservice are transmitted through the same Physical Layer Pipe;

FIG. 58 is a view illustrating the configuration ofFast_Information_Chunk( ) according to another embodiment of the presentinvention in a case in which all components constituting a broadcastservice are transmitted through the same Physical Layer Pipe;

FIG. 59 is a view illustrating the configuration ofFast_Information_Chunk( ) according to another embodiment of the presentinvention;

FIG. 60 is a view illustrating the configuration ofFast_Information_Chunk( ) according to another embodiment of the presentinvention;

FIG. 61 is a view illustrating a process of acquiring informationincluded in Fast_Information_Chunk( ) according to an embodiment of thepresent invention;

FIG. 62 is a view illustrating a broadcast signal transmission methodaccording to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 63 is a view illustrating a broadcast signal reception methodaccording to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 64 is a view illustrating the configuration of a broadcast signaltransmission apparatus according to an embodiment of the presentinvention;

FIG. 65 is a view illustrating the configuration of a broadcast signalreception apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 66 illustrates signaling for single-memory deinterleavingirrespective of the number of symbols in a frame according to anembodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 67 illustrates FI schemes of FSS in signaling for single-memorydeinterleaving irrespective of the number of symbols in a frameaccording to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 68 illustrates operation of a reset mode in signaling forsingle-memory deinterleaving irrespective of the number of symbols in aframe according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 69 illustrates equations indicating input and output of thefrequency interleaver in signaling for single-memory deinterleavingirrespective of the number of symbols in a frame according to anembodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 70 illustrates equations of a logical operation mechanism offrequency interleaving based on FI scheme #1 and FI scheme #2 insignaling for single-memory deinterleaving irrespective of the number ofsymbols in a frame according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 71 illustrates an example in which the number of symbols is an evennumber in signaling for single-memory deinterleaving irrespective of thenumber of symbols in a frame according to an embodiment of the presentinvention.

FIG. 72 illustrates an example in which the number of symbols is an evennumber in signaling for single-memory deinterleaving irrespective of thenumber of symbols in a frame according to an embodiment of the presentinvention.

FIG. 73 illustrates an example in which the number of symbols is an oddnumber in signaling for single-memory deinterleaving irrespective of thenumber of symbols in a frame according to an embodiment of the presentinvention.

FIG. 74 illustrates an example in which the number of symbols is an oddnumber in signaling for single-memory deinterleaving irrespective of thenumber of symbols in a frame according to an embodiment of the presentinvention.

FIG. 75 illustrates operation of the frequency deinterleaver insignaling for single-memory deinterleaving irrespective of the number ofsymbols in a frame according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 76 illustrates the concept of a variable bit-rate system accordingto an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 77 illustrates writing and reading operations of block interleavingaccording to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 78 shows equations representing block interleaving according to anembodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 79 illustrates virtual FEC blocks according to an embodiment of thepresent invention.

FIG. 80 shows equations representing reading operation after insertionof virtual FEC blocks according to an embodiment of the presentinvention.

FIG. 81 is a flowchart illustrating a time interleaving processaccording to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 82 shows equations representing a process of determining a shiftvalue and a maximum TI block size according to an embodiment of thepresent invention.

FIG. 83 illustrates writing operation according to an embodiment of thepresent invention.

FIG. 84 illustrates reading operation according to an embodiment of thepresent invention.

FIG. 85 illustrates a result of skip operation in reading operationaccording to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 86 shows a writing process of time deinterleaving according to anembodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 87 illustrates a writing process of time deinterleaving accordingto another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 88 shows equations representing reading operation of timedeinterleaving according to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 89 is a flowchart illustrating a time deinterleaving processaccording to an embodiment of the present invention.

BEST MODE

Reference will now be made in detail to the preferred embodiments of thepresent invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanyingdrawings, such that the present invention can be easily embodied by aperson having ordinary skill in the art to which the present inventionpertains. However, the present invention may be embodied in manydifferent forms and should not be construed as limited to theembodiments set forth herein. In order to clearly describe the preventinvention, parts of the drawings that are irrelevant to the descriptionwill be omitted, and the like reference numbers will be used throughoutthe specification to refer to the like parts.

In addition, the term “comprises” or “includes” described herein shouldbe interpreted not to exclude other elements but to further include suchother elements unless mentioned otherwise.

Reference will now be made in detail to the preferred embodiments of thepresent invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanyingdrawings. The detailed description, which will be given below withreference to the accompanying drawings, is intended to explain exemplaryembodiments of the present invention, rather than to show the onlyembodiments that can be implemented according to the present invention.The following detailed description includes specific details in order toprovide a thorough understanding of the present invention. However, itwill be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present inventionmay be practiced without such specific details.

Although most terms used in the present invention have been selectedfrom general ones widely used in the art, some terms have beenarbitrarily selected by the applicant and their meanings are explainedin detail in the following description as needed. Thus, the presentinvention should be understood based upon the intended meanings of theterms rather than their simple names or meanings.

The present invention provides apparatuses and methods for transmittingand receiving broadcast signals for future broadcast services. Futurebroadcast services according to an embodiment of the present inventioninclude a terrestrial broadcast service, a mobile broadcast service, aUHDTV service, etc. The present invention may process broadcast signalsfor the future broadcast services through non-MIMO (Multiple InputMultiple Output) or MIMO according to one embodiment. A non-MIMO schemeaccording to an embodiment of the present invention may include a MISO(Multiple Input Single Output) scheme, a SISO (Single Input SingleOutput) scheme, etc.

While MISO or MIMO uses two antennas in the following for convenience ofdescription, the present invention is applicable to systems using two ormore antennas. The present invention may defines three physical layer(PL) profiles—base, handheld and advanced profiles—each optimized tominimize receiver complexity while attaining the performance requiredfor a particular use case. The physical layer (PHY) profiles are subsetsof all configurations that a corresponding receiver should implement.

The three PHY profiles share most of the functional blocks but differslightly in specific blocks and/or parameters. Additional PHY profilescan be defined in the future. For the system evolution, future profilescan also be multiplexed with the existing profiles in a single RFchannel through a future extension frame (FEF). The details of each PHYprofile are described below.

1. Base Profile

The base profile represents a main use case for fixed receiving devicesthat are usually connected to a roof-top antenna. The base profile alsoincludes portable devices that could be transported to a place butbelong to a relatively stationary reception category. Use of the baseprofile could be extended to handheld devices or even vehicular by someimproved implementations, but those use cases are not expected for thebase profile receiver operation.

Target SNR range of reception is from approximately 10 to 20 dB, whichincludes the 15 dB SNR reception capability of the existing broadcastsystem (e.g. ATSC A/53). The receiver complexity and power consumptionis not as critical as in the battery-operated handheld devices, whichwill use the handheld profile. Key system parameters for the baseprofile are listed in below table 1.

TABLE 1 LDPC codeword length 16 K, 64 K bits Constellation size 4~10bpcu (bits per channel use) Time de-interleaving memory size ≦2¹⁹ datacells Pilot patterns Pilot pattern for fixed reception FFT size 16 K, 32K points

2. Handheld Profile

The handheld profile is designed for use in handheld and vehiculardevices that operate with battery power. The devices can be moving withpedestrian or vehicle speed. The power consumption as well as thereceiver complexity is very important for the implementation of thedevices of the handheld profile. The target SNR range of the handheldprofile is approximately 0 to 10 dB, but can be configured to reachbelow 0 dB when intended for deeper indoor reception.

In addition to low SNR capability, resilience to the Doppler Effectcaused by receiver mobility is the most important performance attributeof the handheld profile. Key system parameters for the handheld profileare listed in the below table 2.

TABLE 2 LDPC codeword length 16 K bits Constellation size 2~8 bpcu Timede-interleaving memory size ≦2¹⁸ data cells Pilot patterns Pilotpatterns for mobile and indoor reception FFT size 8 K, 16 K points

3. Advanced Profile

The advanced profile provides highest channel capacity at the cost ofmore implementation complexity. This profile requires using MIMOtransmission and reception, and UHDTV service is a target use case forwhich this profile is specifically designed. The increased capacity canalso be used to allow an increased number of services in a givenbandwidth, e.g., multiple SDTV or HDTV services.

The target SNR range of the advanced profile is approximately 20 to 30dB. MIMO transmission may initially use existing elliptically-polarizedtransmission equipment, with extension to full-power cross-polarizedtransmission in the future. Key system parameters for the advancedprofile are listed in below table 3.

TABLE 3 LDPC codeword length 16 K, 64 K bits Constellation size 8~12bpcu Time de-interleaving memory size ≦2¹⁹ data cells Pilot patternsPilot pattern for fixed reception FFT size 16 K, 32 K points

In this case, the base profile can be used as a profile for both theterrestrial broadcast service and the mobile broadcast service. That is,the base profile can be used to define a concept of a profile whichincludes the mobile profile. Also, the advanced profile can be dividedadvanced profile for a base profile with MIMO and advanced profile for ahandheld profile with MIMO. Moreover, the three profiles can be changedaccording to intention of the designer.

The following terms and definitions may apply to the present invention.The following terms and definitions can be changed according to design.

auxiliary stream: sequence of cells carrying data of as yet undefinedmodulation and coding, which may be used for future extensions or asrequired by broadcasters or network operators

base data pipe: data pipe that carries service signaling data

baseband frame (or BBFRAME): set of Kbch bits which form the input toone FEC encoding process (BCH and LDPC encoding)

cell: modulation value that is carried by one carrier of the OFDMtransmission

coded block: LDPC-encoded block of PLS1 data or one of the LDPC-encodedblocks of PLS2 data

data pipe: logical channel in the physical layer that carries servicedata or related metadata, which may carry one or multiple service(s) orservice component(s).

data pipe unit: a basic unit for allocating data cells to a DP in aframe.

data symbol: OFDM symbol in a frame which is not a preamble symbol (theframe signaling symbol and frame edge symbol is included in the datasymbol)

DP_ID: this 8-bit field identifies uniquely a DP within the systemidentified by the SYSTEM_ID

dummy cell: cell carrying a pseudo-random value used to fill theremaining capacity not used for PLS signaling, DPs or auxiliary streams

emergency alert channel: part of a frame that carries EAS informationdata

frame: physical layer time slot that starts with a preamble and endswith a frame edge symbol

frame repetition unit: a set of frames belonging to same or differentphysical layer profile including a FEF, which is repeated eight times ina super-frame

fast information channel: a logical channel in a frame that carries themapping information between a service and the corresponding base DP

FECBLOCK: set of LDPC-encoded bits of a DP data

FFT size: nominal FFT size used for a particular mode, equal to theactive symbol period Ts expressed in cycles of the elementary period T

frame signaling symbol: OFDM symbol with higher pilot density used atthe start of a frame in certain combinations of FFT size, guard intervaland scattered pilot pattern, which carries a part of the PLS data

frame edge symbol: OFDM symbol with higher pilot density used at the endof a frame in certain combinations of FFT size, guard interval andscattered pilot pattern

frame-group: the set of all the frames having the same PHY profile typein a super-frame.

future extension frame: physical layer time slot within the super-framethat could be used for future extension, which starts with a preamble

Futurecast UTB system: proposed physical layer broadcasting system, ofwhich the input is one or more MPEG2-TS or IP or general stream(s) andof which the output is an RF signal

input stream: A stream of data for an ensemble of services delivered tothe end users by the system.

normal data symbol: data symbol excluding the frame signaling symbol andthe frame edge symbol

PHY profile: subset of all configurations that a corresponding receivershould implement

PLS: physical layer signaling data consisting of PLS1 and PLS2

PLS1: a first set of PLS data carried in the FSS symbols having a fixedsize, coding and modulation, which carries basic information about thesystem as well as the parameters needed to decode the PLS2

NOTE: PLS1 data remains constant for the duration of a frame-group.

PLS2: a second set of PLS data transmitted in the FSS symbol, whichcarries more detailed PLS data about the system and the DPs

PLS2 dynamic data: PLS2 data that may dynamically change frame-by-frame

PLS2 static data: PLS2 data that remains static for the duration of aframe-group

preamble signaling data: signaling data carried by the preamble symboland used to identify the basic mode of the system

preamble symbol: fixed-length pilot symbol that carries basic PLS dataand is located in the beginning of a frame

NOTE: The preamble symbol is mainly used for fast initial band scan todetect the system signal, its timing, frequency offset, and FFT-size.

reserved for future use: not defined by the present document but may bedefined in future

super-frame: set of eight frame repetition units

time interleaving block (TI block): set of cells within which timeinterleaving is carried out, corresponding to one use of the timeinterleaver memory

TI group: unit over which dynamic capacity allocation for a particularDP is carried out, made up of an integer, dynamically varying number ofXFECBLOCKs

NOTE: The TI group may be mapped directly to one frame or may be mappedto multiple frames. It may contain one or more TI blocks.

Type 1 DP: DP of a frame where all DPs are mapped into the frame in TDMfashion

Type 2 DP: DP of a frame where all DPs are mapped into the frame in FDMfashion

XFECBLOCK: set of Ncells cells carrying all the bits of one LDPCFECBLOCK

FIG. 1 illustrates a structure of an apparatus for transmittingbroadcast signals for future broadcast services according to anembodiment of the present invention.

The apparatus for transmitting broadcast signals for future broadcastservices according to an embodiment of the present invention can includean input formatting block 1000, a BICM (Bit interleaved coding &modulation) block 1010, a frame building block 1020, an OFDM (OrthogonalFrequency Division Multiplexing) generation block 1030 and a signalinggeneration block 1040. A description will be given of the operation ofeach module of the apparatus for transmitting broadcast signals.

IP stream/packets and MPEG2-TS are the main input formats, other streamtypes are handled as General Streams. In addition to these data inputs,Management Information is input to control the scheduling and allocationof the corresponding bandwidth for each input stream. One or multiple TSstream(s), IP stream(s) and/or General Stream(s) inputs aresimultaneously allowed.

The input formatting block 1000 can demultiplex each input stream intoone or multiple data pipe(s), to each of which an independent coding andmodulation is applied. The data pipe (DP) is the basic unit forrobustness control, thereby affecting quality-of-service (QoS). One ormultiple service(s) or service component(s) can be carried by a singleDP. Details of operations of the input formatting block 1000 will bedescribed later.

The data pipe is a logical channel in the physical layer that carriesservice data or related metadata, which may carry one or multipleservice(s) or service component(s).

Also, the data pipe unit: a basic unit for allocating data cells to a DPin a frame.

In the BICM block 1010, parity data is added for error correction andthe encoded bit streams are mapped to complex-value constellationsymbols. The symbols are interleaved across a specific interleavingdepth that is used for the corresponding DP. For the advanced profile,MIMO encoding is performed in the BICM block 1010 and the additionaldata path is added at the output for MIMO transmission. Details ofoperations of the BICM block 1010 will be described later.

The Frame Building block 1020 can map the data cells of the input DPsinto the OFDM symbols within a frame. After mapping, the frequencyinterleaving is used for frequency-domain diversity, especially tocombat frequency-selective fading channels. Details of operations of theFrame Building block 1020 will be described later.

After inserting a preamble at the beginning of each frame, the OFDMGeneration block 1030 can apply conventional OFDM modulation having acyclic prefix as guard interval. For antenna space diversity, adistributed MISO scheme is applied across the transmitters. In addition,a Peak-to-Average Power Reduction (PAPR) scheme is performed in the timedomain. For flexible network planning, this proposal provides a set ofvarious FFT sizes, guard interval lengths and corresponding pilotpatterns. Details of operations of the OFDM Generation block 1030 willbe described later.

The Signaling Generation block 1040 can create physical layer signalinginformation used for the operation of each functional block. Thissignaling information is also transmitted so that the services ofinterest are properly recovered at the receiver side. Details ofoperations of the Signaling Generation block 1040 will be describedlater.

FIGS. 2, 3 and 4 illustrate the input formatting block 1000 according toembodiments of the present invention. A description will be given ofeach figure.

FIG. 2 illustrates an input formatting block according to one embodimentof the present invention. FIG. 2 shows an input formatting module whenthe input signal is a single input stream.

The input formatting block illustrated in FIG. 2 corresponds to anembodiment of the input formatting block 1000 described with referenceto FIG. 1.

The input to the physical layer may be composed of one or multiple datastreams. Each data stream is carried by one DP. The mode adaptationmodules slice the incoming data stream into data fields of the basebandframe (BBF). The system supports three types of input data streams:MPEG2-TS, Internet protocol (IP) and Generic stream (GS). MPEG2-TS ischaracterized by fixed length (188 byte) packets with the first bytebeing a sync-byte (0x47). An IP stream is composed of variable length IPdatagram packets, as signaled within IP packet headers. The systemsupports both IPv4 and IPv6 for the IP stream. GS may be composed ofvariable length packets or constant length packets, signaled withinencapsulation packet headers.

(a) shows a mode adaptation block 2000 and a stream adaptation 2010 forsignal DP and (b) shows a PLS generation block 2020 and a PLS scrambler2030 for generating and processing PLS data. A description will be givenof the operation of each block.

The Input Stream Splitter splits the input TS, IP, GS streams intomultiple service or service component (audio, video, etc.) streams. Themode adaptation module 2010 is comprised of a CRC Encoder, BB (baseband)Frame Slicer, and BB Frame Header Insertion block.

The CRC Encoder provides three kinds of CRC encoding for error detectionat the user packet (UP) level, i.e., CRC-8, CRC-16, and CRC-32. Thecomputed CRC bytes are appended after the UP. CRC-8 is used for TSstream and CRC-32 for IP stream. If the GS stream doesn't provide theCRC encoding, the proposed CRC encoding should be applied.

BB Frame Slicer maps the input into an internal logical-bit format. Thefirst received bit is defined to be the MSB. The BB Frame Slicerallocates a number of input bits equal to the available data fieldcapacity. To allocate a number of input bits equal to the BBF payload,the UP packet stream is sliced to fit the data field of BBF.

BB Frame Header Insertion block can insert fixed length BBF header of 2bytes is inserted in front of the BB Frame. The BBF header is composedof STUFFI (1 bit), SYNCD (13 bits), and RFU (2 bits). In addition to thefixed 2-Byte BBF header, BBF can have an extension field (1 or 3 bytes)at the end of the 2-byte BBF header.

The stream adaptation 2010 is comprised of stuffing insertion block andBB scrambler. The stuffing insertion block can insert stuffing fieldinto a payload of a BB frame. If the input data to the stream adaptationis sufficient to fill a BB-Frame, STUFFI is set to ‘0’ and the BBF hasno stuffing field. Otherwise STUFFI is set to ‘1’ and the stuffing fieldis inserted immediately after the BBF header. The stuffing fieldcomprises two bytes of the stuffing field header and a variable size ofstuffing data.

The BB scrambler scrambles complete BBF for energy dispersal. Thescrambling sequence is synchronous with the BBF. The scrambling sequenceis generated by the feed-back shift register.

The PLS generation block 2020 can generate physical layer signaling(PLS) data. The PLS provides the receiver with a means to accessphysical layer DPs. The PLS data consists of PLS1 data and PLS2 data.

The PLS1 data is a first set of PLS data carried in the FSS symbols inthe frame having a fixed size, coding and modulation, which carriesbasic information about the system as well as the parameters needed todecode the PLS2 data. The PLS1 data provides basic transmissionparameters including parameters required to enable the reception anddecoding of the PLS2 data. Also, the PLS1 data remains constant for theduration of a frame-group.

The PLS2 data is a second set of PLS data transmitted in the FSS symbol,which carries more detailed PLS data about the system and the DPs. ThePLS2 contains parameters that provide sufficient information for thereceiver to decode the desired DP. The PLS2 signaling further consistsof two types of parameters, PLS2 Static data (PLS2-STAT data) and PLS2dynamic data (PLS2-DYN data). The PLS2 Static data is PLS2 data thatremains static for the duration of a frame-group and the PLS2 dynamicdata is PLS2 data that may dynamically change frame-by-frame.

Details of the PLS data will be described later.

The PLS scrambler 2030 can scramble the generated PLS data for energydispersal.

The above-described blocks may be omitted or replaced by blocks havingsimilar or identical functions.

FIG. 3 illustrates an input formatting block according to anotherembodiment of the present invention.

The input formatting block illustrated in FIG. 3 corresponds to anembodiment of the input formatting block 1000 described with referenceto FIG. 1.

FIG. 3 shows a mode adaptation block of the input formatting block whenthe input signal corresponds to multiple input streams.

The mode adaptation block of the input formatting block for processingthe multiple input streams can independently process the multiple inputstreams.

Referring to FIG. 3, the mode adaptation block for respectivelyprocessing the multiple input streams can include an input streamsplitter 3000, an input stream synchronizer 3010, a compensating delayblock 3020, a null packet deletion block 3030, a head compression block3040, a CRC encoder 3050, a BB frame slicer 3060 and a BB headerinsertion block 3070. Description will be given of each block of themode adaptation block.

Operations of the CRC encoder 3050, BB frame slicer 3060 and BB headerinsertion block 3070 correspond to those of the CRC encoder, BB frameslicer and BB header insertion block described with reference to FIG. 2and thus description thereof is omitted.

The input stream splitter 3000 can split the input TS, IP, GS streamsinto multiple service or service component (audio, video, etc.) streams.

The input stream synchronizer 3010 may be referred as ISSY. The ISSY canprovide suitable means to guarantee Constant Bit Rate (CBR) and constantend-to-end transmission delay for any input data format. The ISSY isalways used for the case of multiple DPs carrying TS, and optionallyused for multiple DPs carrying GS streams.

The compensating delay block 3020 can delay the split TS packet streamfollowing the insertion of ISSY information to allow a TS packetrecombining mechanism without requiring additional memory in thereceiver.

The null packet deletion block 3030, is used only for the TS inputstream case. Some TS input streams or split TS streams may have a largenumber of null-packets present in order to accommodate VBR (variablebit-rate) services in a CBR TS stream. In this case, in order to avoidunnecessary transmission overhead, null-packets can be identified andnot transmitted. In the receiver, removed null-packets can bere-inserted in the exact place where they were originally by referenceto a deleted null-packet (DNP) counter that is inserted in thetransmission, thus guaranteeing constant bit-rate and avoiding the needfor time-stamp (PCR) updating.

The head compression block 3040 can provide packet header compression toincrease transmission efficiency for TS or IP input streams. Because thereceiver can have a priori information on certain parts of the header,this known information can be deleted in the transmitter.

For Transport Stream, the receiver has a-priori information about thesync-byte configuration (0x47) and the packet length (188 Byte). If theinput TS stream carries content that has only one PID, i.e., for onlyone service component (video, audio, etc.) or service sub-component (SVCbase layer, SVC enhancement layer, MVC base view or MVC dependentviews), TS packet header compression can be applied (optionally) to theTransport Stream. IP packet header compression is used optionally if theinput steam is an IP stream. The above-described blocks may be omittedor replaced by blocks having similar or identical functions.

FIG. 4 illustrates an input formatting block according to anotherembodiment of the present invention.

The input formatting block illustrated in FIG. 4 corresponds to anembodiment of the input formatting block 1000 described with referenceto FIG. 1.

FIG. 4 illustrates a stream adaptation block of the input formattingmodule when the input signal corresponds to multiple input streams.

Referring to FIG. 4, the mode adaptation block for respectivelyprocessing the multiple input streams can include a scheduler 4000, an1-Frame delay block 4010, a stuffing insertion block 4020, an in-bandsignaling 4030, a BB Frame scrambler 4040, a PLS generation block 4050and a PLS scrambler 4060. Description will be given of each block of thestream adaptation block.

Operations of the stuffing insertion block 4020, the BB Frame scrambler4040, the PLS generation block 4050 and the PLS scrambler 4060correspond to those of the stuffing insertion block, BB scrambler, PLSgeneration block and the PLS scrambler described with reference to FIG.2 and thus description thereof is omitted.

The scheduler 4000 can determine the overall cell allocation across theentire frame from the amount of FECBLOCKs of each DP. Including theallocation for PLS, EAC and FIC, the scheduler generate the values ofPLS2-DYN data, which is transmitted as in-band signaling or PLS cell inFSS of the frame. Details of FECBLOCK, EAC and FIC will be describedlater.

The 1-Frame delay block 4010 can delay the input data by onetransmission frame such that scheduling information about the next framecan be transmitted through the current frame for in-band signalinginformation to be inserted into the DPs.

The in-band signaling 4030 can insert un-delayed part of the PLS2 datainto a DP of a frame.

The above-described blocks may be omitted or replaced by blocks havingsimilar or identical functions.

FIG. 5 illustrates a BICM block according to an embodiment of thepresent invention.

The BICM block illustrated in FIG. 5 corresponds to an embodiment of theBICM block 1010 described with reference to FIG. 1.

As described above, the apparatus for transmitting broadcast signals forfuture broadcast services according to an embodiment of the presentinvention can provide a terrestrial broadcast service, mobile broadcastservice, UHDTV service, etc.

Since QoS (quality of service) depends on characteristics of a serviceprovided by the apparatus for transmitting broadcast signals for futurebroadcast services according to an embodiment of the present invention,data corresponding to respective services needs to be processed throughdifferent schemes. Accordingly, the a BICM block according to anembodiment of the present invention can independently process DPs inputthereto by independently applying SISO, MISO and MIMO schemes to thedata pipes respectively corresponding to data paths. Consequently, theapparatus for transmitting broadcast signals for future broadcastservices according to an embodiment of the present invention can controlQoS for each service or service component transmitted through each DP.

(a) shows the BICM block shared by the base profile and the handheldprofile and (b) shows the BICM block of the advanced profile.

The BICM block shared by the base profile and the handheld profile andthe BICM block of the advanced profile can include plural processingblocks for processing each DP.

A description will be given of each processing block of the BICM blockfor the base profile and the handheld profile and the BICM block for theadvanced profile.

A processing block 5000 of the BICM block for the base profile and thehandheld profile can include a Data FEC encoder 5010, a bit interleaver5020, a constellation mapper 5030, an SSD (Signal Space Diversity)encoding block 5040 and a time interleaver 5050.

The Data FEC encoder 5010 can perform the FEC encoding on the input BBFto generate FECBLOCK procedure using outer coding (BCH), and innercoding (LDPC). The outer coding (BCH) is optional coding method. Detailsof operations of the Data FEC encoder 5010 will be described later.

The bit interleaver 5020 can interleave outputs of the Data FEC encoder5010 to achieve optimized performance with combination of the LDPC codesand modulation scheme while providing an efficiently implementablestructure. Details of operations of the bit interleaver 5020 will bedescribed later.

The constellation mapper 5030 can modulate each cell word from the bitinterleaver 5020 in the base and the handheld profiles, or cell wordfrom the Cell-word demultiplexer 5010-1 in the advanced profile usingeither QPSK, QAM-16, non-uniform QAM (NUQ-64, NUQ-256, NUQ-1024) ornon-uniform constellation (NUC-16, NUC-64, NUC-256, NUC-1024) to give apower-normalized constellation point, e1. This constellation mapping isapplied only for DPs. Observe that QAM-16 and NUQs are square shaped,while NUCs have arbitrary shape. When each constellation is rotated byany multiple of 90 degrees, the rotated constellation exactly overlapswith its original one. This “rotation-sense” symmetric property makesthe capacities and the average powers of the real and imaginarycomponents equal to each other. Both NUQs and NUCs are definedspecifically for each code rate and the particular one used is signaledby the parameter DP_MOD filed in PLS2 data.

The SSD encoding block 5040 can precode cells in two (2D), three (3D),and four (4D) dimensions to increase the reception robustness underdifficult fading conditions.

The time interleaver 5050 can operates at the DP level. The parametersof time interleaving (TI) may be set differently for each DP. Details ofoperations of the time interleaver 5050 will be described later.

A processing block 5000-1 of the BICM block for the advanced profile caninclude the Data FEC encoder, bit interleaver, constellation mapper, andtime interleaver.

However, the processing block 5000-1 is distinguished from theprocessing block 5000 further includes a cell-word demultiplexer 5010-1and a MIMO encoding block 5020-1.

Also, the operations of the Data FEC encoder, bit interleaver,constellation mapper, and time interleaver in the processing block5000-1 correspond to those of the Data FEC encoder 5010, bit interleaver5020, constellation mapper 5030, and time interleaver 5050 described andthus description thereof is omitted.

The cell-word demultiplexer 5010-1 is used for the DP of the advancedprofile to divide the single cell-word stream into dual cell-wordstreams for MIMO processing. Details of operations of the cell-worddemultiplexer 5010-1 will be described later.

The MIMO encoding block 5020-1 can processing the output of thecell-word demultiplexer 5010-1 using MIMO encoding scheme. The MIMOencoding scheme was optimized for broadcasting signal transmission. TheMIMO technology is a promising way to get a capacity increase but itdepends on channel characteristics. Especially for broadcasting, thestrong LOS component of the channel or a difference in the receivedsignal power between two antennas caused by different signal propagationcharacteristics makes it difficult to get capacity gain from MIMO. Theproposed MIMO encoding scheme overcomes this problem using arotation-based pre-coding and phase randomization of one of the MIMOoutput signals.

MIMO encoding is intended for a 2×2 MIMO system requiring at least twoantennas at both the transmitter and the receiver. Two MIMO encodingmodes are defined in this proposal; full-rate spatial multiplexing(FR-SM) and full-rate full-diversity spatial multiplexing (FRFD-SM). TheFR-SM encoding provides capacity increase with relatively smallcomplexity increase at the receiver side while the FRFD-SM encodingprovides capacity increase and additional diversity gain with a greatcomplexity increase at the receiver side. The proposed MIMO encodingscheme has no restriction on the antenna polarity configuration.

MIMO processing is required for the advanced profile frame, which meansall DPs in the advanced profile frame are processed by the MIMO encoder.MIMO processing is applied at DP level. Pairs of the ConstellationMapper outputs NUQ (e1,i and e2,i) are fed to the input of the MIMOEncoder. Paired MIMO Encoder output (g1,i and g2,i) is transmitted bythe same carrier k and OFDM symbol 1 of their respective TX antennas.

The above-described blocks may be omitted or replaced by blocks havingsimilar or identical functions.

FIG. 6 illustrates a BICM block according to another embodiment of thepresent invention.

The BICM block illustrated in FIG. 6 corresponds to an embodiment of theBICM block 1010 described with reference to FIG. 1.

FIG. 6 illustrates a BICM block for protection of physical layersignaling (PLS), emergency alert channel (EAC) and fast informationchannel (FIC). EAC is a part of a frame that carries EAS informationdata and FIC is a logical channel in a frame that carries the mappinginformation between a service and the corresponding base DP. Details ofthe EAC and FIC will be described later.

Referring to FIG. 6, the BICM block for protection of PLS, EAC and FICcan include a PLS FEC encoder 6000, a bit interleaver 6010 and aconstellation mapper 6020.

Also, the PLS FEC encoder 6000 can include a scrambler, BCHencoding/zero insertion block, LDPC encoding block and LDPC paritypunturing block. Description will be given of each block of the BICMblock.

The PLS FEC encoder 6000 can encode the scrambled PLS 1/2 data, EAC andFIC section.

The scrambler can scramble PLS1 data and PLS2 data before BCH encodingand shortened and punctured LDPC encoding.

The BCH encoding/zero insertion block can perform outer encoding on thescrambled PLS 1/2 data using the shortened BCH code for PLS protectionand insert zero bits after the BCH encoding. For PLS1 data only, theoutput bits of the zero insertion may be permutted before LDPC encoding.

The LDPC encoding block can encode the output of the BCH encoding/zeroinsertion block using LDPC code. To generate a complete coded block,Cldpc, parity bits, Pldpc are encoded systematically from eachzero-inserted PLS information block, Ildpc and appended after it.C_(ldpc)=[I_(ldpc)P_(ldpc)]=[i₀,i₁, . . . ,i_(K) _(ldpc) ⁻¹,p₀,p₁, . . .,p_(N) _(ldpc) _(−K) _(ldpc) ⁻¹]  [Math figure 1]

The LDPC code parameters for PLS1 and PLS2 are as following table 4.

TABLE 4 Signaling K_(ldpc) code Type K_(sig) K_(bch) N_(bch) _(—)_(parity) (=N_(bch)) N_(ldpc) N_(ldpc) _(—) _(parity) rate Q_(ldpc) PLS1342 1020 60 1080 4320 3240 1/4  36 PLS2 <1021 >1020 2100 2160 7200 50403/10 56

The LDPC parity punturing block can perform puncturing on the PLS1 dataand PLS 2 data.

When shortening is applied to the PLS1 data protection, some LDPC paritybits are punctured after LDPC encoding. Also, for the PLS2 dataprotection, the LDPC parity bits of PLS2 are punctured after LDPCencoding. These punctured bits are not transmitted.

The bit interleaver 6010 can interleave the each shortened and puncturedPLS1 data and PLS2 data.

The constellation mapper 6020 can map the bit ineterleaved PLS1 data andPLS2 data onto constellations.

The above-described blocks may be omitted or replaced by blocks havingsimilar or identical functions.

FIG. 7 illustrates a frame building block according to one embodiment ofthe present invention.

The frame building block illustrated in FIG. 7 corresponds to anembodiment of the frame building block 1020 described with reference toFIG. 1.

Referring to FIG. 7, the frame building block can include a delaycompensation block 7000, a cell mapper 7010 and a frequency interleaver7020. Description will be given of each block of the frame buildingblock.

The delay compensation block 7000 can adjust the timing between the datapipes and the corresponding PLS data to ensure that they are co-timed atthe transmitter end. The PLS data is delayed by the same amount as datapipes are by addressing the delays of data pipes caused by the InputFormatting block and BICM block. The delay of the BICM block is mainlydue to the time interleaver 5050. In-band signaling data carriesinformation of the next TI group so that they are carried one frameahead of the DPs to be signaled. The Delay Compensating block delaysin-band signaling data accordingly.

The cell mapper 7010 can map PLS, EAC, FIC, DPs, auxiliary streams anddummy cells into the active carriers of the OFDM symbols in the frame.The basic function of the cell mapper 7010 is to map data cells producedby the TIs for each of the DPs, PLS cells, and EAC/FIC cells, if any,into arrays of active OFDM cells corresponding to each of the OFDMsymbols within a frame. Service signaling data (such as PSI(programspecific information)/SI) can be separately gathered and sent by a datapipe. The Cell Mapper operates according to the dynamic informationproduced by the scheduler and the configuration of the frame structure.Details of the frame will be described later.

The frequency interleaver 7020 can randomly interleave data cellsreceived from the cell mapper 7010 to provide frequency diversity. Also,the frequency interleaver 7020 can operate on very OFDM symbol paircomprised of two sequential OFDM symbols using a differentinterleaving-seed order to get maximum interleaving gain in a singleframe.

The above-described blocks may be omitted or replaced by blocks havingsimilar or identical functions.

FIG. 8 illustrates an OFDM generation block according to an embodimentof the present invention.

The OFDM generation block illustrated in FIG. 8 corresponds to anembodiment of the OFDM generation block 1030 described with reference toFIG. 1.

The OFDM generation block modulates the OFDM carriers by the cellsproduced by the Frame Building block, inserts the pilots, and producesthe time domain signal for transmission. Also, this block subsequentlyinserts guard intervals, and applies PAPR (Peak-to-Average Power Radio)reduction processing to produce the final RF signal.

Referring to FIG. 8, the OFDM generation block can include a pilot andreserved tone insertion block 8000, a 2D-eSFN encoding block 8010, anIFFT (Inverse Fast Fourier Transform) block 8020, a PAPR reduction block8030, a guard interval insertion block 8040, a preamble insertion block8050, other system insertion block 8060 and a DAC block 8070.Description will be given of each block of the frame building block.

The pilot and reserved tone insertion block 8000 can insert pilots andthe reserved tone.

Various cells within the OFDM symbol are modulated with referenceinformation, known as pilots, which have transmitted values known apriori in the receiver. The information of pilot cells is made up ofscattered pilots, continual pilots, edge pilots, FSS (frame signalingsymbol) pilots and FES (frame edge symbol) pilots. Each pilot istransmitted at a particular boosted power level according to pilot typeand pilot pattern. The value of the pilot information is derived from areference sequence, which is a series of values, one for eachtransmitted carrier on any given symbol. The pilots can be used forframe synchronization, frequency synchronization, time synchronization,channel estimation, and transmission mode identification, and also canbe used to follow the phase noise.

Reference information, taken from the reference sequence, is transmittedin scattered pilot cells in every symbol except the preamble, FSS andFES of the frame. Continual pilots are inserted in every symbol of theframe. The number and location of continual pilots depends on both theFFT size and the scattered pilot pattern. The edge carriers are edgepilots in every symbol except for the preamble symbol. They are insertedin order to allow frequency interpolation up to the edge of thespectrum. FSS pilots are inserted in FSS(s) and FES pilots are insertedin FES. They are inserted in order to allow time interpolation up to theedge of the frame.

The system according to an embodiment of the present invention supportsthe SFN network, where distributed MISO scheme is optionally used tosupport very robust transmission mode. The 2D-eSFN is a distributed MISOscheme that uses multiple TX antennas, each of which is located in thedifferent transmitter site in the SFN network.

The 2D-eSFN encoding block 8010 can process a 2D-eSFN processing todistorts the phase of the signals transmitted from multipletransmitters, in order to create both time and frequency diversity inthe SFN configuration. Hence, burst errors due to low flat fading ordeep-fading for a long time can be mitigated.

The IFFT block 8020 can modulate the output from the 2D-eSFN encodingblock 8010 using OFDM modulation scheme. Any cell in the data symbolswhich has not been designated as a pilot (or as a reserved tone) carriesone of the data cells from the frequency interleaver. The cells aremapped to OFDM carriers.

The PAPR reduction block 8030 can perform a PAPR reduction on inputsignal using various PAPR reduction algorithm in the time domain.

The guard interval insertion block 8040 can insert guard intervals andthe preamble insertion block 8050 can insert preamble in front of thesignal. Details of a structure of the preamble will be described later.

The other system insertion block 8060 can multiplex signals of aplurality of broadcast transmission/reception systems in the time domainsuch that data of two or more different broadcast transmission/receptionsystems providing broadcast services can be simultaneously transmittedin the same RF signal bandwidth. In this case, the two or more differentbroadcast transmission/reception systems refer to systems providingdifferent broadcast services. The different broadcast services may referto a terrestrial broadcast service, mobile broadcast service, etc. Datarelated to respective broadcast services can be transmitted throughdifferent frames.

The DAC block 8070 can convert an input digital signal into an analogsignal and output the analog signal. The signal output from the DACblock 7800 can be transmitted through multiple output antennas accordingto the physical layer profiles. A Tx antenna according to an embodimentof the present invention can have vertical or horizontal polarity.

The above-described blocks may be omitted or replaced by blocks havingsimilar or identical functions according to design.

FIG. 9 illustrates a structure of an apparatus for receiving broadcastsignals for future broadcast services according to an embodiment of thepresent invention.

The apparatus for receiving broadcast signals for future broadcastservices according to an embodiment of the present invention cancorrespond to the apparatus for transmitting broadcast signals forfuture broadcast services, described with reference to FIG. 1.

The apparatus for receiving broadcast signals for future broadcastservices according to an embodiment of the present invention can includea synchronization & demodulation module 9000, a frame parsing module9010, a demapping & decoding module 9020, an output processor 9030 and asignaling decoding module 9040. A description will be given of operationof each module of the apparatus for receiving broadcast signals.

The synchronization & demodulation module 9000 can receive input signalsthrough m Rx antennas, perform signal detection and synchronization withrespect to a system corresponding to the apparatus for receivingbroadcast signals and carry out demodulation corresponding to a reverseprocedure of the procedure performed by the apparatus for transmittingbroadcast signals.

The frame parsing module 9010 can parse input signal frames and extractdata through which a service selected by a user is transmitted. If theapparatus for transmitting broadcast signals performs interleaving, theframe parsing module 9010 can carry out deinterleaving corresponding toa reverse procedure of interleaving. In this case, the positions of asignal and data that need to be extracted can be obtained by decodingdata output from the signaling decoding module 9040 to restorescheduling information generated by the apparatus for transmittingbroadcast signals.

The demapping & decoding module 9020 can convert the input signals intobit domain data and then deinterleave the same as necessary. Thedemapping & decoding module 9020 can perform demapping for mappingapplied for transmission efficiency and correct an error generated on atransmission channel through decoding. In this case, the demapping &decoding module 9020 can obtain transmission parameters necessary fordemapping and decoding by decoding the data output from the signalingdecoding module 9040.

The output processor 9030 can perform reverse procedures of variouscompression/signal processing procedures which are applied by theapparatus for transmitting broadcast signals to improve transmissionefficiency. In this case, the output processor 9030 can acquirenecessary control information from data output from the signalingdecoding module 9040. The output of the output processor 8300corresponds to a signal input to the apparatus for transmittingbroadcast signals and may be MPEG-TSs, IP streams (v4 or v6) and genericstreams.

The signaling decoding module 9040 can obtain PLS information from thesignal demodulated by the synchronization & demodulation module 9000. Asdescribed above, the frame parsing module 9010, demapping & decodingmodule 9020 and output processor 9030 can execute functions thereofusing the data output from the signaling decoding module 9040.

FIG. 10 illustrates a frame structure according to an embodiment of thepresent invention.

FIG. 10 shows an example configuration of the frame types and FRUs in asuper-frame. (a) shows a super frame according to an embodiment of thepresent invention, (b) shows FRU (Frame Repetition Unit) according to anembodiment of the present invention, (c) shows frames of variable PHYprofiles in the FRU and (d) shows a structure of a frame.

A super-frame may be composed of eight FRUs. The FRU is a basicmultiplexing unit for TDM of the frames, and is repeated eight times ina super-frame.

Each frame in the FRU belongs to one of the PHY profiles, (base,handheld, advanced) or FEF. The maximum allowed number of the frames inthe FRU is four and a given PHY profile can appear any number of timesfrom zero times to four times in the FRU (e.g., base, base, handheld,advanced). PHY profile definitions can be extended using reserved valuesof the PHY_PROFILE in the preamble, if required.

The FEF part is inserted at the end of the FRU, if included. When theFEF is included in the FRU, the minimum number of FEFs is 8 in asuper-frame. It is not recommended that FEF parts be adjacent to eachother.

One frame is further divided into a number of OFDM symbols and apreamble. As shown in (d), the frame comprises a preamble, one or moreframe signaling symbols (FSS), normal data symbols and a frame edgesymbol (FES).

The preamble is a special symbol that enables fast Futurecast UTB systemsignal detection and provides a set of basic transmission parameters forefficient transmission and reception of the signal. The detaileddescription of the preamble will be will be described later.

The main purpose of the FSS(s) is to carry the PLS data. For fastsynchronization and channel estimation, and hence fast decoding of PLSdata, the FSS has more dense pilot pattern than the normal data symbol.The FES has exactly the same pilots as the FSS, which enablesfrequency-only interpolation within the FES and temporal interpolation,without extrapolation, for symbols immediately preceding the FES.

FIG. 11 illustrates a signaling hierarchy structure of the frameaccording to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 11 illustrates the signaling hierarchy structure, which is splitinto three main parts: the preamble signaling data 11000, the PLS1 data11010 and the PLS2 data 11020. The purpose of the preamble, which iscarried by the preamble symbol in every frame, is to indicate thetransmission type and basic transmission parameters of that frame. ThePLS1 enables the receiver to access and decode the PLS2 data, whichcontains the parameters to access the DP of interest. The PLS2 iscarried in every frame and split into two main parts: PLS2-STAT data andPLS2-DYN data. The static and dynamic portion of PLS2 data is followedby padding, if necessary.

FIG. 12 illustrates preamble signaling data according to an embodimentof the present invention.

Preamble signaling data carries 21 bits of information that are neededto enable the receiver to access PLS data and trace DPs within the framestructure. Details of the preamble signaling data are as follows:

PHY_PROFILE: This 3-bit field indicates the PHY profile type of thecurrent frame. The mapping of different PHY profile types is given inbelow table 5.

TABLE 5 Value PHY profile 000 Base profile 001 Handheld profile 010Advanced profiled 011~110 Reserved 111 FEF

FFT_SIZE: This 2 bit field indicates the FFT size of the current framewithin a frame-group, as described in below table 6.

TABLE 6 Value FFT size 00  8K FFT 01 16K FFT 10 32K FFT 11 Reserved

GI_FRACTION: This 3 bit field indicates the guard interval fractionvalue in the current super-frame, as described in below table 7.

TABLE 7 Value GI_FRACTION 000 1/5 001 1/10 010 1/20 011 1/40 100 1/80101 1/160 110~111 Reserved

EAC_FLAG: This 1 bit field indicates whether the EAC is provided in thecurrent frame. If this field is set to ‘1’, emergency alert service(EAS) is provided in the current frame. If this field set to ‘0’, EAS isnot carried in the current frame. This field can be switched dynamicallywithin a super-frame.

PILOT_MODE: This 1-bit field indicates whether the pilot mode is mobilemode or fixed mode for the current frame in the current frame-group. Ifthis field is set to ‘0’, mobile pilot mode is used. If the field is setto ‘1’, the fixed pilot mode is used.

PAPR_FLAG: This 1-bit field indicates whether PAPR reduction is used forthe current frame in the current frame-group. If this field is set tovalue ‘1’, tone reservation is used for PAPR reduction. If this field isset to ‘0’, PAPR reduction is not used.

FRU_CONFIGURE: This 3-bit field indicates the PHY profile typeconfigurations of the frame repetition units (FRU) that are present inthe current super-frame. All profile types conveyed in the currentsuper-frame are identified in this field in all preambles in the currentsuper-frame. The 3-bit field has a different definition for eachprofile, as show in below table 8.

TABLE 8 Current Current Current PHY_PROFILE = PHY_PROFILE = CurrentPHY_PROFILE = ‘001’ ‘010’ PHY_PROFILE = ‘000’ (base) (handheld)(advanced) ‘111’ (FEF) FRU_CONFIGURE = Only base Only handheld Onlyadvanced Only FEF 000 profile present profile present profile presentpresent FRU_CONFIGURE = Handheld Base profile Base profile Base profile1XX profile present present present present FRU_CONFIGURE = AdvancedAdvanced Handheld Handheld X1X profile profile profile profile presentpresent present present FRU_CONFIGURE = FEF FEF FEF Advanced XX1 presentpresent present profile present

RESERVED: This 7-bit field is reserved for future use.

FIG. 13 illustrates PLS1 data according to an embodiment of the presentinvention.

PLS1 data provides basic transmission parameters including parametersrequired to enable the reception and decoding of the PLS2. As abovementioned, the PLS1 data remain unchanged for the entire duration of oneframe-group. The detailed definition of the signaling fields of the PLS1data are as follows:

PREAMBLE_DATA: This 20-bit field is a copy of the preamble signalingdata excluding the EAC_FLAG.

NUM_FRAME_FRU: This 2-bit field indicates the number of the frames perFRU.

PAYLOAD_TYPE: This 3-bit field indicates the format of the payload datacarried in the frame-group. PAYLOAD_TYPE is signaled as shown in table9.

TABLE 9 value Payload type 1XX TS stream is transmitted X1X IP stream istransmitted XX1 GS stream is transmitted

NUM_FSS: This 2-bit field indicates the number of FSS symbols in thecurrent frame.

SYSTEM_VERSION: This 8-bit field indicates the version of thetransmitted signal format. The SYSTEM_VERSION is divided into two 4-bitfields, which are a major version and a minor version.

Major version: The MSB four bits of SYSTEM_VERSION field indicate majorversion information. A change in the major version field indicates anon-backward-compatible change. The default value is ‘0000’. For theversion described in this standard, the value is set to ‘0000’.

Minor version: The LSB four bits of SYSTEM_VERSION field indicate minorversion information. A change in the minor version field isbackward-compatible.

CELL_ID: This is a 16-bit field which uniquely identifies a geographiccell in an ATSC network. An ATSC cell coverage area may consist of oneor more frequencies, depending on the number of frequencies used perFuturecast UTB system. If the value of the CELL_ID is not known orunspecified, this field is set to ‘0’.

NETWORK_ID: This is a 16-bit field which uniquely identifies the currentATSC network.

SYSTEM_ID: This 16-bit field uniquely identifies the Futurecast UTBsystem within the ATSC network. The Futurecast UTB system is theterrestrial broadcast system whose input is one or more input streams(TS, IP, GS) and whose output is an RF signal. The Futurecast UTB systemcarries one or more PHY profiles and FEF, if any. The same FuturecastUTB system may carry different input streams and use different RFfrequencies in different geographical areas, allowing local serviceinsertion. The frame structure and scheduling is controlled in one placeand is identical for all transmissions within a Futurecast UTB system.One or more Futurecast UTB systems may have the same SYSTEM_ID meaningthat they all have the same physical layer structure and configuration.

The following loop consists of FRU_PHY_PROFILE, FRU_FRAME_LENGTH,FRU_GI_FRACTION, and RESERVED which are used to indicate the FRUconfiguration and the length of each frame type. The loop size is fixedso that four PHY profiles (including a FEF) are signaled within the FRU.If NUM_FRAME_FRU is less than 4, the unused fields are filled withzeros.

FRU_PHY_PROFILE: This 3-bit field indicates the PHY profile type of the(i+1)th (i is the loop index) frame of the associated FRU. This fielduses the same signaling format as shown in the table 8.

FRU_FRAME_LENGTH: This 2-bit field indicates the length of the (i+1)thframe of the associated FRU. Using FRU_FRAME_LENGTH together withFRU_GI_FRACTION, the exact value of the frame duration can be obtained.

FRU_GI_FRACTION: This 3-bit field indicates the guard interval fractionvalue of the (i+1)th frame of the associated FRU. FRU_GI_FRACTION issignaled according to the table 7.

RESERVED: This 4-bit field is reserved for future use.

The following fields provide parameters for decoding the PLS2 data.

PLS2 FEC_TYPE: This 2-bit field indicates the FEC type used by the PLS2protection. The FEC type is signaled according to table 10. The detailsof the LDPC codes will be described later.

TABLE 10 Content PLS2 FEC type 00 4K-1/4 and 7K-3/10 LDPC codes 01~11Reserved

PLS2_MOD: This 3-bit field indicates the modulation type used by thePLS2. The modulation type is signaled according to table 11.

TABLE 11 Value PLS2_MODE 000 BPSK 001 QPSK 010 QAM-16 011 NUQ-64 100~111Reserved

PLS2_SIZE_CELL: This 15-bit field indicates Ctotal_partial_block, thesize (specified as the number of QAM cells) of the collection of fullcoded blocks for PLS2 that is carried in the current frame-group. Thisvalue is constant during the entire duration of the current frame-group.

PLS2_STAT_SIZE_BIT: This 14-bit field indicates the size, in bits, ofthe PLS2-STAT for the current frame-group. This value is constant duringthe entire duration of the current frame-group.

PLS2_DYN_SIZE_BIT: This 14-bit field indicates the size, in bits, of thePLS2-DYN for the current frame-group. This value is constant during theentire duration of the current frame-group.

PLS2_REP_FLAG: This 1-bit flag indicates whether the PLS2 repetitionmode is used in the current frame-group. When this field is set to value‘1’, the PLS2 repetition mode is activated. When this field is set tovalue ‘0’, the PLS2 repetition mode is deactivated.

PLS2_REP_SIZE_CELL: This 15-bit field indicates Ctotal_partial_block,the size (specified as the number of QAM cells) of the collection ofpartial coded blocks for PLS2 carried in every frame of the currentframe-group, when PLS2 repetition is used. If repetition is not used,the value of this field is equal to 0. This value is constant during theentire duration of the current frame-group.

PLS2_NEXT_FEC_TYPE: This 2-bit field indicates the FEC type used forPLS2 that is carried in every frame of the next frame-group. The FECtype is signaled according to the table 10.

PLS2_NEXT_MOD: This 3-bit field indicates the modulation type used forPLS2 that is carried in every frame of the next frame-group. Themodulation type is signaled according to the table 11.

PLS2_NEXT_REP_FLAG: This 1-bit flag indicates whether the PLS2repetition mode is used in the next frame-group. When this field is setto value ‘1’, the PLS2 repetition mode is activated. When this field isset to value ‘0’, the PLS2 repetition mode is deactivated.

PLS2 NEXT_REP_SIZE_CELL: This 15-bit field indicates Ctotal_full_block,The size (specified as the number of QAM cells) of the collection offull coded blocks for PLS2 that is carried in every frame of the nextframe-group, when PLS2 repetition is used. If repetition is not used inthe next frame-group, the value of this field is equal to 0. This valueis constant during the entire duration of the current frame-group.

PLS2_NEXT_REP_STAT_SIZE_BIT: This 14-bit field indicates the size, inbits, of the PLS2-STAT for the next frame-group. This value is constantin the current frame-group.

PLS2_NEXT_REP_DYN_SIZE_BIT: This 14-bit field indicates the size, inbits, of the PLS2-DYN for the next frame-group. This value is constantin the current frame-group.

PLS2_AP_MODE: This 2-bit field indicates whether additional parity isprovided for PLS2 in the current frame-group. This value is constantduring the entire duration of the current frame-group. The below table12 gives the values of this field. When this field is set to ‘00’,additional parity is not used for the PLS2 in the current frame-group.

TABLE 12 Value PLS2-AP mode 00 AP is not provided 01 AP1 mode 10~11Reserved

PLS2_AP_SIZE_CELL: This 15-bit field indicates the size (specified asthe number of QAM cells) of the additional parity bits of the PLS2. Thisvalue is constant during the entire duration of the current frame-group.

PLS2_NEXT_AP_MODE: This 2-bit field indicates whether additional parityis provided for PLS2 signaling in every frame of next frame-group. Thisvalue is constant during the entire duration of the current frame-group.The table 12 defines the values of this field

PLS2_NEXT_AP_SIZE_CELL: This 15-bit field indicates the size (specifiedas the number of QAM cells) of the additional parity bits of the PLS2 inevery frame of the next frame-group. This value is constant during theentire duration of the current frame-group.

RESERVED: This 32-bit field is reserved for future use.

CRC_32: A 32-bit error detection code, which is applied to the entirePLS1 signaling.

FIG. 14 illustrates PLS2 data according to an embodiment of the presentinvention.

FIG. 14 illustrates PLS2-STAT data of the PLS2 data. The PLS2-STAT dataare the same within a frame-group, while the PLS2-DYN data provideinformation that is specific for the current frame.

The details of fields of the PLS2-STAT data are as follows:

FIC_FLAG: This 1-bit field indicates whether the FIC is used in thecurrent frame-group. If this field is set to ‘1’, the FIC is provided inthe current frame. If this field set to ‘0’, the FIC is not carried inthe current frame. This value is constant during the entire duration ofthe current frame-group.

AUX_FLAG: This 1-bit field indicates whether the auxiliary stream(s) isused in the current frame-group. If this field is set to ‘1’, theauxiliary stream is provided in the current frame. If this field set to‘0’, the auxiliary stream is not carried in the current frame. Thisvalue is constant during the entire duration of current frame-group.

NUM_DP: This 6-bit field indicates the number of DPs carried within thecurrent frame. The value of this field ranges from 1 to 64, and thenumber of DPs is NUM_DP+1.

DP_ID: This 6-bit field identifies uniquely a DP within a PHY profile.

DP_TYPE: This 3-bit field indicates the type of the DP. This is signaledaccording to the below table 13.

TABLE 13 Value DP Type 000 DP Type 1 001 DP Type 2 010~111 reserved

DP_GROUP_ID: This 8-bit field identifies the DP group with which thecurrent DP is associated. This can be used by a receiver to access theDPs of the service components associated with a particular service,which will have the same DP_GROUP_ID.

BASE_DP_ID: This 6-bit field indicates the DP carrying service signalingdata (such as PSI/SI) used in the Management layer. The DP indicated byBASE_DP_ID may be either a normal DP carrying the service signaling dataalong with the service data or a dedicated DP carrying only the servicesignaling data

DP_FEC_TYPE: This 2-bit field indicates the FEC type used by theassociated DP. The FEC type is signaled according to the below table 14.

TABLE 14 Value FEC_TYPE 00 16K LDPC 01 64K LDPC 10~11 Reserved

DP_COD: This 4-bit field indicates the code rate used by the associatedDP. The code rate is signaled according to the below table 15.

TABLE 15 Value Code rate 0000  5/15 0001  6/15 0010  7/15 0011  8/150100  9/15 0101 10/15 0110 11/15 0111 12/15 1000 13/15 1001~1111Reserved

DP_MOD: This 4-bit field indicates the modulation used by the associatedDP. The modulation is signaled according to the below table 16.

TABLE 16 Value Modulation 0000 QPSK 0001 QAM-16 0010 NUQ-64 0011 NUQ-2560100 NUQ-1024 0101 NUC-16 0110 NUC-64 0111 NUC-256 1000 NUC-10241001~1111 reserved

DP_SSD_FLAG: This 1-bit field indicates whether the SSD mode is used inthe associated DP. If this field is set to value ‘1’, SSD is used. Ifthis field is set to value ‘0’, SSD is not used.

The following field appears only if PHY_PROFILE is equal to ‘010’, whichindicates the advanced profile:

DP_MIMO: This 3-bit field indicates which type of MIMO encoding processis applied to the associated DP. The type of MIMO encoding process issignaled according to the table 17.

TABLE 17 Value MIMO encoding 000 FR-SM 001 FRFD-SM 010~111 reserved

DP_TI_TYPE: This 1-bit field indicates the type of time-interleaving. Avalue of ‘0’ indicates that one TI group corresponds to one frame andcontains one or more TI-blocks. A value of ‘1’ indicates that one TIgroup is carried in more than one frame and contains only one TI-block.

DP_TI_LENGTH: The use of this 2-bit field (the allowed values are only1, 2, 4, 8) is determined by the values set within the DP_TI_TYPE fieldas follows:

If the DP_TI_TYPE is set to the value ‘1’, this field indicates PI, thenumber of the frames to which each TI group is mapped, and there is oneTI-block per TI group (NTI=1). The allowed PI values with 2-bit fieldare defined in the below table 18.

If the DP_TI_TYPE is set to the value ‘0’, this field indicates thenumber of TI-blocks NTI per TI group, and there is one TI group perframe (PI=1). The allowed PI values with 2-bit field are defined in thebelow table 18.

TABLE 18 2-bit field P_(I) N_(TI) 00 1 1 01 2 2 10 4 3 11 8 4

DP_FRAME_INTERVAL: This 2-bit field indicates the frame interval (IJUMP)within the frame-group for the associated DP and the allowed values are1, 2, 4, 8 (the corresponding 2-bit field is ‘00’, ‘01’, ‘10’, or ‘11’,respectively). For DPs that do not appear every frame of theframe-group, the value of this field is equal to the interval betweensuccessive frames. For example, if a DP appears on the frames 1, 5, 9,13, etc., this field is set to ‘4’. For DPs that appear in every frame,this field is set to ‘1’.

DP_TI_BYPASS: This 1-bit field determines the availability of timeinterleaver 5050. If time interleaving is not used for a DP, it is setto ‘1’. Whereas if time interleaving is used it is set to ‘0’.

DP_FIRST_FRAME_IDX: This 5-bit field indicates the index of the firstframe of the super-frame in which the current DP occurs. The value ofDP_FIRST_FRAME_IDX ranges from 0 to 31

DP_NUM_BLOCK_MAX: This 10-bit field indicates the maximum value ofDP_NUM_BLOCKS for this DP. The value of this field has the same range asDP_NUM_BLOCKS.

DP_PAYLOAD_TYPE: This 2-bit field indicates the type of the payload datacarried by the given DP. DP_PAYLOAD_TYPE is signaled according to thebelow table 19.

TABLE 19 Value Payload Type 00 TS. 01 IP 10 GS 11 reserved

DP_INBAND_MODE: This 2-bit field indicates whether the current DPcarries in-band signaling information. The in-band signaling type issignaled according to the below table 20.

TABLE 20 Value In-band mode 00 In-band signaling is not carried. 01INBAND-PLS is carried only 10 INBAND-ISSY is carried only 11 INBAND-PLSand INBAND-ISSY are carried

DP_PROTOCOL_TYPE: This 2-bit field indicates the protocol type of thepayload carried by the given DP. It is signaled according to the belowtable 21 when input payload types are selected.

TABLE 21 Value If DP_PAYLOAD_TYPE Is TS If DP_PAYLOAD_TYPE Is IP IfDP_PAYLOAD_TYPE Is GS 00 MPEG2-TS IPv4 (Note) 01 Reserved IPv6 Reserved10 Reserved Reserved Reserved 11 Reserved Reserved Reserved

DP_CRC_MODE: This 2-bit field indicates whether CRC encoding is used inthe Input Formatting block. The CRC mode is signaled according to thebelow table 22.

TABLE 22 Value CRC mode 00 Not used 01 CRC-8  10 CRC-16 11 CRC-32

DNP_MODE: This 2-bit field indicates the null-packet deletion mode usedby the associated DP when DP_PAYLOAD_TYPE is set to TS (‘00’). DNP_MODEis signaled according to the below table 23. If DP_PAYLOAD_TYPE is notTS (‘00’), DNP_MODE is set to the value ‘00’.

TABLE 23 Value Null-packet deletion mode 00 Not used 01 DNP-NORMAL 10DNP-OFFSET 11 reserved

ISSY_MODE: This 2-bit field indicates the ISSY mode used by theassociated DP when DP_PAYLOAD_TYPE is set to TS (‘00’). The ISSY_MODE issignaled according to the below table 24 If DP_PAYLOAD_TYPE is not TS(‘00’), ISSY_MODE is set to the value ‘00’.

TABLE 24 Value ISSY mode 00 Not used 01 ISSY-UP 10 ISSY-BBF 11 reserved

HC_MODE_TS: This 2-bit field indicates the TS header compression modeused by the associated DP when DP_PAYLOAD_TYPE is set to TS (‘00’). TheHC_MODE_TS is signaled according to the below table 25.

TABLE 25 Value Header compression mode 00 HC_MODE_TS 1 01 HC_MODE_TS 210 HC_MODE_TS 3 11 HC_MODE_TS 4HC_MODE_JP: This 2-bit field indicates the IP header compression modewhen DP_PAYLOAD_TYPE is set to IP (‘01’). The HC_MODE_IP is signaledaccording to the below table 26.

TABLE 26 Value Header compression mode 00 No compression 01 HC_MODE_IP 110~11 reserved

PID: This 13-bit field indicates the PID number for TS headercompression when DP_PAYLOAD_TYPE is set to TS (‘00’) and HC_MODE_TS isset to ‘01’ or ‘10’.

RESERVED: This 8-bit field is reserved for future use.

The following field appears only if FIC_FLAG is equal to ‘1’:

FIC_VERSION: This 8-bit field indicates the version number of the FIC.

FIC_LENGTH_BYTE: This 13-bit field indicates the length, in bytes, ofthe FIC.

RESERVED: This 8-bit field is reserved for future use.

The following field appears only if AUX_FLAG is equal to ‘1’:

NUM_AUX: This 4-bit field indicates the number of auxiliary streams.Zero means no auxiliary streams are used.

AUX_CONFIG_RFU: This 8-bit field is reserved for future use.

AUX_STREAM_TYPE: This 4-bit is reserved for future use for indicatingthe type of the current auxiliary stream.

AUX_PRIVATE_CONFIG: This 28-bit field is reserved for future use forsignaling auxiliary streams.

FIG. 15 illustrates PLS2 data according to another embodiment of thepresent invention.

FIG. 15 illustrates PLS2-DYN data of the PLS2 data. The values of thePLS2-DYN data may change during the duration of one frame-group, whilethe size of fields remains constant.

The details of fields of the PLS2-DYN data are as follows:

FRAME_INDEX: This 5-bit field indicates the frame index of the currentframe within the super-frame. The index of the first frame of thesuper-frame is set to ‘0’.

PLS_CHANGE_COUNTER: This 4-bit field indicates the number ofsuper-frames ahead where the configuration will change. The nextsuper-frame with changes in the configuration is indicated by the valuesignaled within this field. If this field is set to the value ‘0000’, itmeans that no scheduled change is foreseen: e.g., value ‘1’ indicatesthat there is a change in the next super-frame.

FIC_CHANGE_COUNTER: This 4-bit field indicates the number ofsuper-frames ahead where the configuration (i.e., the contents of theFIC) will change. The next super-frame with changes in the configurationis indicated by the value signaled within this field. If this field isset to the value ‘0000’, it means that no scheduled change is foreseen:e.g. value ‘0001’ indicates that there is a change in the nextsuper-frame.

RESERVED: This 16-bit field is reserved for future use.

The following fields appear in the loop over NUM_DP, which describe theparameters associated with the DP carried in the current frame.

DP_ID: This 6-bit field indicates uniquely the DP within a PHY profile.

DP_START: This 15-bit (or 13-bit) field indicates the start position ofthe first of the DPs using the DPU addressing scheme. The DP_START fieldhas differing length according to the PHY profile and FFT size as shownin the below table 27.

TABLE 27 DP_START field size PHY profile 64K 16K Base 13 bit 15 bitHandheld — 13 bit Advanced 13 bit 15 bit

DP_NUM_BLOCK: This 10-bit field indicates the number of FEC blocks inthe current TI group for the current DP. The value of DP_NUM_BLOCKranges from 0 to 1023

RESERVED: This 8-bit field is reserved for future use.

The following fields indicate the FIC parameters associated with theEAC.

EAC_FLAG: This 1-bit field indicates the existence of the EAC in thecurrent frame. This bit is the same value as the EAC_FLAG in thepreamble.

EAS_WAKE_UP_VERSION_NUM: This 8-bit field indicates the version numberof a wake-up indication.

If the EAC_FLAG field is equal to ‘1’, the following 12 bits areallocated for EAC_LENGTH_BYTE field. If the EAC_FLAG field is equal to‘0’, the following 12 bits are allocated for EAC_COUNTER.

EAC_LENGTH_BYTE: This 12-bit field indicates the length, in byte, of theEAC.

EAC_COUNTER: This 12-bit field indicates the number of the frames beforethe frame where the EAC arrives.

The following field appears only if the AUX_FLAG field is equal to ‘1’:

AUX_PRIVATE_DYN: This 48-bit field is reserved for future use forsignaling auxiliary streams. The meaning of this field depends on thevalue of AUX_STREAM_TYPE in the configurable PLS2-STAT.

CRC_32: A 32-bit error detection code, which is applied to the entirePLS2.

FIG. 16 illustrates a logical structure of a frame according to anembodiment of the present invention.

As above mentioned, the PLS, EAC, FIC, DPs, auxiliary streams and dummycells are mapped into the active carriers of the OFDM symbols in theframe. The PLS1 and PLS2 are first mapped into one or more FSS(s). Afterthat, EAC cells, if any, are mapped immediately following the PLS field,followed next by FIC cells, if any. The DPs are mapped next after thePLS or EAC, FIC, if any. Type 1 DPs follows first, and Type 2 DPs next.The details of a type of the DP will be described later. In some case,DPs may carry some special data for EAS or service signaling data. Theauxiliary stream or streams, if any, follow the DPs, which in turn arefollowed by dummy cells. Mapping them all together in the abovementioned order, i.e. PLS, EAC, FIC, DPs, auxiliary streams and dummydata cells exactly fill the cell capacity in the frame.

FIG. 17 illustrates PLS mapping according to an embodiment of thepresent invention.

PLS cells are mapped to the active carriers of FSS(s). Depending on thenumber of cells occupied by PLS, one or more symbols are designated asFSS(s), and the number of FSS(s) NFSS is signaled by NUM_FSS in PLS1.The FSS is a special symbol for carrying PLS cells. Since robustness andlatency are critical issues in the PLS, the FSS(s) has higher density ofpilots allowing fast synchronization and frequency-only interpolationwithin the FSS.

PLS cells are mapped to active carriers of the NFSS FSS(s) in a top-downmanner as shown in an example in FIG. 17. The PLS1 cells are mappedfirst from the first cell of the first FSS in an increasing order of thecell index. The PLS2 cells follow immediately after the last cell of thePLS1 and mapping continues downward until the last cell index of thefirst FSS. If the total number of required PLS cells exceeds the numberof active carriers of one FSS, mapping proceeds to the next FSS andcontinues in exactly the same manner as the first FSS.

After PLS mapping is completed, DPs are carried next. If EAC, FIC orboth are present in the current frame, they are placed between PLS and“normal” DPs.

FIG. 18 illustrates EAC mapping according to an embodiment of thepresent invention.

EAC is a dedicated channel for carrying EAS messages and links to theDPs for EAS. EAS support is provided but EAC itself may or may not bepresent in every frame. EAC, if any, is mapped immediately after thePLS2 cells. EAC is not preceded by any of the FIC, DPs, auxiliarystreams or dummy cells other than the PLS cells. The procedure ofmapping the EAC cells is exactly the same as that of the PLS.

The EAC cells are mapped from the next cell of the PLS2 in increasingorder of the cell index as shown in the example in FIG. 18. Depending onthe EAS message size, EAC cells may occupy a few symbols, as shown inFIG. 18.

EAC cells follow immediately after the last cell of the PLS2, andmapping continues downward until the last cell index of the last FSS. Ifthe total number of required EAC cells exceeds the number of remainingactive carriers of the last FSS mapping proceeds to the next symbol andcontinues in exactly the same manner as FSS(s). The next symbol formapping in this case is the normal data symbol, which has more activecarriers than a FSS.

After EAC mapping is completed, the FIC is carried next, if any exists.If FIC is not transmitted (as signaled in the PLS2 field), DPs followimmediately after the last cell of the EAC.

FIG. 19 illustrates FIC mapping according to an embodiment of thepresent invention.

shows an example mapping of FIC cell without EAC and (b) shows anexample mapping of FIC cell with EAC.

FIC is a dedicated channel for carrying cross-layer information toenable fast service acquisition and channel scanning. This informationprimarily includes channel binding information between DPs and theservices of each broadcaster. For fast scan, a receiver can decode FICand obtain information such as broadcaster ID, number of services, andBASE_DP_ID. For fast service acquisition, in addition to FIC, base DPcan be decoded using BASE_DP_ID. Other than the content it carries, abase DP is encoded and mapped to a frame in exactly the same way as anormal DP. Therefore, no additional description is required for a baseDP. The FIC data is generated and consumed in the Management Layer. Thecontent of FIC data is as described in the Management Layerspecification.

The FIC data is optional and the use of FIC is signaled by the FIC_FLAGparameter in the static part of the PLS2. If FIC is used, FIC_FLAG isset to ‘1’ and the signaling field for FIC is defined in the static partof PLS2. Signaled in this field are FIC_VERSION, and FIC_LENGTH_BYTE.FIC uses the same modulation, coding and time interleaving parameters asPLS2. FIC shares the same signaling parameters such as PLS2_MOD andPLS2_FEC. FIC data, if any, is mapped immediately after PLS2 or EAC ifany. FIC is not preceded by any normal DPs, auxiliary streams or dummycells. The method of mapping FIC cells is exactly the same as that ofEAC which is again the same as PLS.

Without EAC after PLS, FIC cells are mapped from the next cell of thePLS2 in an increasing order of the cell index as shown in an example in(a). Depending on the FIC data size, FIC cells may be mapped over a fewsymbols, as shown in (b).

FIC cells follow immediately after the last cell of the PLS2, andmapping continues downward until the last cell index of the last FSS. Ifthe total number of required FIC cells exceeds the number of remainingactive carriers of the last FSS, mapping proceeds to the next symbol andcontinues in exactly the same manner as FSS(s). The next symbol formapping in this case is the normal data symbol which has more activecarriers than a FSS.

If EAS messages are transmitted in the current frame, EAC precedes FIC,and FIC cells are mapped from the next cell of the EAC in an increasingorder of the cell index as shown in (b).

After FIC mapping is completed, one or more DPs are mapped, followed byauxiliary streams, if any, and dummy cells.

FIG. 20 illustrates a type of DP according to an embodiment of thepresent invention.

shows type 1 DP and (b) shows type 2 DP.

After the preceding channels, i.e., PLS, EAC and FIC, are mapped, cellsof the DPs are mapped. A DP is categorized into one of two typesaccording to mapping method:

Type 1 DP: DP is mapped by TDM

Type 2 DP: DP is mapped by FDM

The type of DP is indicated by DP_TYPE field in the static part of PLS2.FIG. 20 illustrates the mapping orders of Type 1 DPs and Type 2 DPs.Type 1 DPs are first mapped in the increasing order of cell index, andthen after reaching the last cell index, the symbol index is increasedby one. Within the next symbol, the DP continues to be mapped in theincreasing order of cell index starting from p=0. With a number of DPsmapped together in one frame, each of the Type 1 DPs are grouped intime, similar to TDM multiplexing of DPs.

Type 2 DPs are first mapped in the increasing order of symbol index, andthen after reaching the last OFDM symbol of the frame, the cell indexincreases by one and the symbol index rolls back to the first availablesymbol and then increases from that symbol index. After mapping a numberof DPs together in one frame, each of the Type 2 DPs are grouped infrequency together, similar to FDM multiplexing of DPs.

Type 1 DPs and Type 2 DPs can coexist in a frame if needed with onerestriction; Type 1 DPs always precede Type 2 DPs. The total number ofOFDM cells carrying Type 1 and Type 2 DPs cannot exceed the total numberof OFDM cells available for transmission of DPs:D _(DP1) +D _(DP2) ≦D _(DP)  [Expression 2]

where DDP1 is the number of OFDM cells occupied by Type 1 DPs, DDP2 isthe number of cells occupied by Type 2 DPs. Since PLS, EAC, FIC are allmapped in the same way as Type 1 DP, they all follow “Type 1 mappingrule”. Hence, overall, Type 1 mapping always precedes Type 2 mapping.

FIG. 21 illustrates DP mapping according to an embodiment of the presentinvention.

shows an addressing of OFDM cells for mapping type 1 DPs and (b) showsan addressing of OFDM cells for mapping for type 2 DPs.

Addressing of OFDM cells for mapping Type 1 DPs (0, . . . , DDP1-1) isdefined for the active data cells of Type 1 DPs. The addressing schemedefines the order in which the cells from the TIs for each of the Type 1DPs are allocated to the active data cells. It is also used to signalthe locations of the DPs in the dynamic part of the PLS2.

Without EAC and FIC, address 0 refers to the cell immediately followingthe last cell carrying PLS in the last FSS. If EAC is transmitted andFIC is not in the corresponding frame, address 0 refers to the cellimmediately following the last cell carrying EAC. If FIC is transmittedin the corresponding frame, address 0 refers to the cell immediatelyfollowing the last cell carrying FIC. Address 0 for Type 1 DPs can becalculated considering two different cases as shown in (a). In theexample in (a), PLS, EAC and FIC are assumed to be all transmitted.Extension to the cases where either or both of EAC and FIC are omittedis straightforward. If there are remaining cells in the FSS aftermapping all the cells up to FIC as shown on the left side of (a).

Addressing of OFDM cells for mapping Type 2 DPs (0, . . . DDP2-1) isdefined for the active data cells of Type 2 DPs. The addressing schemedefines the order in which the cells from the TIs for each of the Type 2DPs are allocated to the active data cells. It is also used to signalthe locations of the DPs in the dynamic part of the PLS2.

Three slightly different cases are possible as shown in (b). For thefirst case shown on the left side of (b), cells in the last FSS areavailable for Type 2 DP mapping. For the second case shown in themiddle, FIC occupies cells of a normal symbol, but the number of FICcells on that symbol is not larger than CFSS. The third case, shown onthe right side in (b), is the same as the second case except that thenumber of FIC cells mapped on that symbol exceeds CFSS.

The extension to the case where Type 1 DP(s) precede Type 2 DP(s) isstraightforward since PLS, EAC and FIC follow the same “Type 1 mappingrule” as the Type 1 DP(s).

A data pipe unit (DPU) is a basic unit for allocating data cells to a DPin a frame.

A DPU is defined as a signaling unit for locating DPs in a frame. A CellMapper 7010 may map the cells produced by the TIs for each of the DPs. ATime interleaver 5050 outputs a series of TI-blocks and each TI-blockcomprises a variable number of XFECBLOCKs which is in turn composed of aset of cells. The number of cells in an XFECBLOCK, Ncells, is dependenton the FECBLOCK size, Nldpc, and the number of transmitted bits perconstellation symbol. A DPU is defined as the greatest common divisor ofall possible values of the number of cells in a XFECBLOCK, Ncells,supported in a given PHY profile. The length of a DPU in cells isdefined as LDPU. Since each PHY profile supports different combinationsof FECBLOCK size and a different number of bits per constellationsymbol, LDPU is defined on a PHY profile basis.

FIG. 22 illustrates an FEC structure according to an embodiment of thepresent invention.

FIG. 22 illustrates an FEC structure according to an embodiment of thepresent invention before bit interleaving. As above mentioned, Data FECencoder may perform the FEC encoding on the input BBF to generateFECBLOCK procedure using outer coding (BCH), and inner coding (LDPC).The illustrated FEC structure corresponds to the FECBLOCK. Also, theFECBLOCK and the FEC structure have same value corresponding to a lengthof LDPC codeword.

The BCH encoding is applied to each BBF (Kbch bits), and then LDPCencoding is applied to BCH-encoded BBF (Kldpc bits=Nbch bits) asillustrated in FIG. 22.

The value of Nldpc is either 64800 bits (long FECBLOCK) or 16200 bits(short FECBLOCK).

The below table 28 and table 29 show FEC encoding parameters for a longFECBLOCK and a short FECBLOCK, respectively.

TABLE 28 BCH error LDPC correction Rate N_(ldpc) K_(ldpc) K_(bch)capability N_(bch)-K_(bch) 5/15 64800 21600 21408 12 192 6/15 2592025728 7/15 30240 30048 8/15 34560 34368 9/15 38880 38688 10/15 4320043008 11/15 47520 47328 12/15 51840 51648 13/15 56160 55968

TABLE 29 BCH error LDPC correction Rate N_(ldpc) K_(ldpc) K_(bch)capability N_(bch)-K_(bch) 5/15 16200 5400 5232 12 168 6/15 6480 63127/15 7560 7392 8/15 8640 8472 9/15 9720 9552 10/15 10800 10632 11/1511880 11712 12/15 12960 12792 13/15 14040 13872

The details of operations of the BCH encoding and LDPC encoding are asfollows:

A 12-error correcting BCH code is used for outer encoding of the BBF.The BCH generator polynomial for short FECBLOCK and long FECBLOCK areobtained by multiplying together all polynomials.

LDPC code is used to encode the output of the outer BCH encoding. Togenerate a completed Bldpc (FECBLOCK), Pldpc (parity bits) is encodedsystematically from each Ildpc (BCH-encoded BBF), and appended to Ildpc.The completed Bldpc (FECBLOCK) are expressed as follow expression.B_(ldpc)=[I_(ldpc)P_(ldpc)]=[i₀,i₁, . . . ,i_(K) _(ldpc) ⁻¹,p₀,p₁, . . .,p_(N) _(ldpc) _(−K) _(ldpc) ⁻¹]  [expression 3]

The parameters for long FECBLOCK and short FECBLOCK are given in theabove table 28 and 29, respectively.

The detailed procedure to calculate Nldpc−Kldpc parity bits for longFECBLOCK, is as follows:

1) Initialize the parity bits,p₀=p₁=p₂= . . . =p_(N) _(ldpc) _(−K) _(ldpc) ⁻¹=0  [expression 4]

2) Accumulate the first information bit −i0, at parity bit addressesspecified in the first row of an addresses of parity check matrix. Thedetails of addresses of parity check matrix will be described later. Forexample, for rate 13/15:

expression 5 p₉₈₃ = p₉₈₃ ⊕ i₀ p₂₈₁₅ = p₂₈₁₅ ⊕ i₀ p₄₈₃₇ = p₄₈₃₇ ⊕ i₀p₄₉₈₉ = p₄₉₈₉ ⊕ i₀ p₆₁₃₈ = p₆₁₃₈ ⊕ i₀ p₆₄₅₈ = p₆₄₅₈ ⊕ i₀ p₆₉₂₁ = p₆₉₂₁ ⊕i₀ p₆₉₇₄ = p₆₉₇₄ ⊕ i₀ p₇₅₇₂ = p₇₅₇₂ ⊕ i₀ p₈₂₆₀ = p₈₂₆₀ ⊕ i₀ p₈₄₉₆ =p₈₄₉₆ ⊕ i₀

3) For the next 359 information bits, is, s=1, 2, . . . , 359 accumulateis at parity bit addresses using following expression.{x+(s mod 360)×Q _(ldpc)} mod(N _(ldpc) −K _(ldpc))  [expression 6]

where x denotes the address of the parity bit accumulator correspondingto the first bit i0, and Qldpc is a code rate dependent constantspecified in the addresses of parity check matrix. Continuing with theexample, Qldpc=24 for rate 13/15, so for information bit i1, thefollowing operations are performed:

expression 7 p₁₀₀₇ = p₁₀₀₇ ⊕ i₁ p₂₈₃₉ = p₂₈₃₉ ⊕ i₁ p₄₈₆₁ = p₄₈₆₁ ⊕ i₁p₅₀₁₃ = p₅₀₁₃ ⊕ i₁ p₆₁₆₂ = p₆₁₆₂ ⊕ i₁ p₆₄₈₂ = p₆₄₈₂ ⊕ i₁ p₆₉₄₅ = p₆₉₄₅ ⊕i₁ p₆₉₉₈ = p₆₉₉₈ ⊕ i₁ p₇₅₉₆ = p₇₅₉₆ ⊕ i₁ p₈₂₈₄ = p₈₂₈₄ ⊕ i₁ p₈₅₂₀ =p₈₅₂₀ ⊕ i₁

4) For the 361st information bit i360, the addresses of the parity bitaccumulators are given in the second row of the addresses of paritycheck matrix. In a similar manner the addresses of the parity bitaccumulators for the following 359 information bits is, s=361, 362, . .. , 719 are obtained using the expression 6, where x denotes the addressof the parity bit accumulator corresponding to the information bit i360,i.e., the entries in the second row of the addresses of parity checkmatrix.

5) In a similar manner, for every group of 360 new information bits, anew row from addresses of parity check matrixes used to find theaddresses of the parity bit accumulators.

After all of the information bits are exhausted, the final parity bitsare obtained as follows:

6) Sequentially perform the following operations starting with i=1p _(i) =p _(i) ⊕p _(i−1) , i=1,2, . . . ,N _(ldpc) −K _(ldpc)−1  [Mathfigure 8]

where final content of pi, i=0,1, . . . Nldpc−Kldpc−1 is equal to theparity bit pi.

TABLE 30 Code Rate Q_(ldpc) 5/15 120 6/15 108 7/15 96 8/15 84 9/15 7210/15 60 11/15 48 12/15 36 13/15 24

This LDPC encoding procedure for a short FECBLOCK is in accordance witht LDPC encoding procedure for the long FECBLOCK, except replacing thetable 30 with table 31, and replacing the addresses of parity checkmatrix for the long FECBLOCK with the addresses of parity check matrixfor the short FECBLOCK.

TABLE 31 Code Rate Q_(ldpc) 5/15 30 6/15 27 7/15 24 8/15 21 9/15 1810/15 15 11/15 12 12/15 9 13/15 6

FIG. 23 illustrates a bit interleaving according to an embodiment of thepresent invention.

The outputs of the LDPC encoder are bit-interleaved, which consists ofparity interleaving followed by Quasi-Cyclic Block (QCB) interleavingand inner-group interleaving.

shows Quasi-Cyclic Block (QCB) interleaving and (b) shows inner-groupinterleaving.

The FECBLOCK may be parity interleaved. At the output of the parityinterleaving, the LDPC codeword consists of 180 adjacent QC blocks in along FECBLOCK and 45 adjacent QC blocks in a short FECBLOCK. Each QCblock in either a long or short FECBLOCK consists of 360 bits. Theparity interleaved LDPC codeword is interleaved by QCB interleaving. Theunit of QCB interleaving is a QC block. The QC blocks at the output ofparity interleaving are permutated by QCB interleaving as illustrated inFIG. 23, where Ncells=64800/η mod or 16200/η mod according to theFECBLOCK length. The QCB interleaving pattern is unique to eachcombination of modulation type and LDPC code rate.

After QCB interleaving, inner-group interleaving is performed accordingto modulation type and order (η mod) which is defined in the below table32. The number of QC blocks for one inner-group, NQCB_IG, is alsodefined.

TABLE 32 Modulation type η_(mod) N_(QCB)_IG QAM-16 4 2 NUC-16 4 4 NUQ-646 3 NUC-64 6 6 NUQ-256 8 4 NUC-256 8 8 NUQ-1024 10 5 NUC-1024 10 10

The inner-group interleaving process is performed with NQCB_IG QC blocksof the QCB interleaving output. Inner-group interleaving has a processof writing and reading the bits of the inner-group using 360 columns andNQCB_IG rows. In the write operation, the bits from the QCB interleavingoutput are written row-wise. The read operation is performed column-wiseto read out m bits from each row, where m is equal to 1 for NUC and 2for NUQ.

FIG. 24 illustrates a cell-word demultiplexing according to anembodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 24 shows a cell-word demultiplexing for 8 and 12 bpcu MIMO and (b)shows a cell-word demultiplexing for 10 bpcu MIMO.

Each cell word (c0,1, c1,1, . . . , cη mod−1,1) of the bit interleavingoutput is demultiplexed into (d1,0,m, d1,1,m, d1η mod−1,m) and (d2,0,m,d2,1,m . . . , d2,η mod−1,m) as shown in (a), which describes thecell-word demultiplexing process for one XFECBLOCK.

For the 10 bpcu MIMO case using different types of NUQ for MIMOencoding, the Bit Interleaver for NUQ-1024 is re-used. Each cell word(c0,1, c1,1, . . . , c9,1) of the Bit Interleaver output isdemultiplexed into (d1,0,m, d1,1,m . . . , d1,3,m) and (d2,0,m, d2,1,m .. . , d2,5,m), as shown in (b).

FIG. 25 illustrates a time interleaving according to an embodiment ofthe present invention.

to (c) show examples of TI mode.

The time interleaver operates at the DP level. The parameters of timeinterleaving (TI) may be set differently for each DP.

The following parameters, which appear in part of the PLS2-STAT data,configure the TI:

DP_TI_TYPE (allowed values: 0 or 1): Represents the TI mode; ‘0’indicates the mode with multiple TI blocks (more than one TI block) perTI group. In this case, one TI group is directly mapped to one frame (nointer-frame interleaving). ‘1’ indicates the mode with only one TI blockper TI group. In this case, the TI block may be spread over more thanone frame (inter-frame interleaving).

DP_TI_LENGTH: If DP_TI_TYPE=‘0’, this parameter is the number of TIblocks NTI per TI group. For DP_TI_TYPE=1′, this parameter is the numberof frames PI spread from one TI group.

DP_NUM_BLOCK_MAX (allowed values: 0 to 1023): Represents the maximumnumber of XFECBLOCKs per TI group.

DP_FRAME_INTERVAL (allowed values: 1, 2, 4, 8): Represents the number ofthe frames IJUMP between two successive frames carrying the same DP of agiven PHY profile.

DP_TI_BYPASS (allowed values: 0 or 1): If time interleaving is not usedfor a DP, this parameter is set to ‘1’. It is set to ‘0’ if timeinterleaving is used.

Additionally, the parameter DP_NUM_BLOCK from the PLS2-DYN data is usedto represent the number of XFECBLOCKs carried by one TI group of the DP.

When time interleaving is not used for a DP, the following TI group,time interleaving operation, and TI mode are not considered. However,the Delay Compensation block for the dynamic configuration informationfrom the scheduler will still be required. In each DP, the XFECBLOCKsreceived from the SSD/MIMO encoding are grouped into TI groups. That is,each TI group is a set of an integer number of XFECBLOCKs and willcontain a dynamically variable number of XFECBLOCKs. The number ofXFECBLOCKs in the TI group of index n is denoted by NxBLOCK_Group(n) andis signaled as DP_NUM_BLOCK in the PLS2-DYN data. Note thatNxBLOCK_Group(n) may vary from the minimum value of 0 to the maximumvalue NxBLOCK_Group_MAX (corresponding to DPNUM_BLOCKMAX) of which thelargest value is 1023.

Each TI group is either mapped directly onto one frame or spread over PIframes. Each TI group is also divided into more than one TI blocks(NTI),where each TI block corresponds to one usage of time interleaver memory.The TI blocks within the TI group may contain slightly different numbersof XFECBLOCKs. If the TI group is divided into multiple TI blocks, it isdirectly mapped to only one frame. There are three options for timeinterleaving (except the extra option of skipping the time interleaving)as shown in the below table 33.

TABLE 33 Modes Descriptions Option-1 Each TI group contains one TI blockand is mapped directly to one frame as shown in (a). This option issignaled in the PLS2-STAT by DP_TI_TYPE = ‘0’ and DP_TI_LENGTH =‘1’(N_(TI) = 1). Option-2 Each TI group contains one TI block and ismapped to more than one frame. (b) shows an example, where one TI groupis mapped to two frames, i.e., DP_TI_LENGTH = ‘2’ (P_(I) = 2) andDP_FRAME_INTERVAL (I_(jump) = 2). This provides greater time diversityfor low data-rate services. This option is signaled in the PLS2-STAT byDP_TI_TYPE = ‘1’. Option-3 Each TI group is divided into multiple TIblocks and is mapped directly to one frame as shown in (c). Each TIblock may use full TI memory, so as to provide the maximum bit-rate fora DP. This option is signaled in the PLS2-STAT signaling by DP_TI_TYPE =‘0’ and DP_TI_LENGTH = N_(TI), while P_(I) = 1.

In each DP, the TI memory stores the input XFECBLOCKs (output XFECBLOCKsfrom the SSD/MIMO encoding block). Assume that input XFECBLOCKs aredefined as

(d_(n, s, 0, 0,), d_(n, s, 0, 1), …  , d_(n, s, 0, N_(cells) − 1), d_(n, s, 1, 0), …  , d_(n, s, 1, N_(cells) − 1), …  , d_(n, s, N_(xBLOCK_TI)(n, s) − 1, 0), …  , d_(n, s, N_(xBLOCK_TI)(n, s) − 1, N_(cells) − 1)),

where d_(n,s,r,q) is the qth cell of the rth XFECBLOCK in the sth TIblock of the nth TI group and represents the outputs of SSD and MIMOencodings as follows

$d_{n,s,r,q} = \left\{ {\begin{matrix}{f_{n,s,r,q},} & {{the}\mspace{14mu}{output}\mspace{14mu}{of}\mspace{14mu}{SSD}\mspace{14mu}\ldots\mspace{14mu}{encoding}} \\{g_{n,s,r,q},} & {{the}\mspace{14mu}{output}\mspace{14mu}{of}\mspace{14mu}{MIMO}\mspace{14mu}{encoding}}\end{matrix}.} \right.$

In addition, assume that output XFECBLOCKs from the time interleaver5050 are defined as

(h_(n, s, 0), h_(n, s, 1), …  , h_(n, s, i), …  , h_(n, s, N_(xBLOCK_TI)(n, s) × N_(cells) − 1)),where h_(n,s,i) is the ith output cell (for i=0, . . . , N_(xBLOCK) _(_)_(TI)(n,s)×N_(cells)−1) in the sth TI block of the nth TI group.

Typically, the time interleaver will also act as a buffer for DP dataprior to the process of frame building. This is achieved by means of twomemory banks for each DP. The first TI-block is written to the firstbank. The second TI-block is written to the second bank while the firstbank is being read from and so on.

The TI is a twisted row-column block interleaver. For the sth TI blockof the nth TI group, the number of rows N_(r) of a TI memory is equal tothe number of cells N_(cells), i.e., N_(r)=N_(cells) while the number ofcolumns N_(c) is equal to the number N_(xBLOCK) _(_) _(TI)(n,s).

FIG. 26 illustrates the basic operation of a twisted row-column blockinterleaver according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 26 (a) shows a writing operation in the time interleaver and FIG.26(b) shows a reading operation in the time interleaver The firstXFECBLOCK is written column-wise into the first column of the TI memory,and the second XFECBLOCK is written into the next column, and so on asshown in (a). Then, in the interleaving array, cells are read outdiagonal-wise. During diagonal-wise reading from the first row(rightwards along the row beginning with the left-most column) to thelast row, N_(r) cells are read out as shown in (b). In detail, assumingz_(n,s,i)(i=0, . . . , N_(r)N_(c)) as the TI memory cell position to beread sequentially, the reading process in such an interleaving array isperformed by calculating the row index R_(n,s,i), the column indexC_(n,s,i), and the associated twisting parameter T_(n,s,i) as followsexpression.

  [expression 9] GENERATE (R_(n,s,i), C_(n,s,i)) = { R_(n,s,i) = mod(i,N_(r)), T_(n,s,i) = mod(S_(shift) × R_(n,s,i), N_(c)),$C_{n,s,i} = {{mod}\left( {{T_{n,s,i} + \left\lfloor \frac{i}{N_{r}} \right\rfloor},N_{c}} \right)}$}

where S_(shift) is a common shift value for the diagonal-wise readingprocess regardless of N_(xBLOCK) _(_) _(TI)(n,s), and it is determinedby N_(xBLOCK) _(_) _(TI) _(_) _(MAX) given in the PLS2-STAT as followsexpression.

$\begin{matrix}{{for}\left\{ {\begin{matrix}{{N_{{xBLOCK\_ TI}{\_ MAX}}^{\prime} = {N_{{xBLOCK\_ TI}{\_ MAX}} + 1}},} & {{if}\mspace{14mu} N_{{xBLOCK\_ TI}{\_ MAX}}} \\\; & {{{mod}\mspace{14mu} 2} = 0} \\{{N_{{xBLOCK\_ TI}{\_ MAX}}^{\prime} = N_{{xBLOCK\_ TI}{\_ MAX}}},} & {{if}\mspace{14mu} N_{{xBLOCK\_ TI}{\_ MAX}}} \\\; & {{{mod}\mspace{14mu} 2} = 1}\end{matrix},\mspace{79mu}{S_{shift} = \frac{N_{{xBLOCK\_ TI}{\_ MAX}}^{\prime} - 1}{2}}} \right.} & \left\lbrack {{expression}\mspace{14mu} 10} \right\rbrack\end{matrix}$

As a result, the cell positions to be read are calculated by acoordinate as z_(n,s,i)=N_(r)C_(n,s,i)+R_(n,s,i).

FIG. 27 illustrates an operation of a twisted row-column blockinterleaver according to another embodiment of the present invention.

More specifically, FIG. 27 illustrates the interleaving array in the TImemory for each TI group, including virtual XFECBLOCKs when N_(xBLOCK)_(_) _(TI)(0,0)=3, N_(xBLOCK) _(_) _(TI)(1,0)=6, N_(xBLocK) _(_)_(TI)(2,0)=5.

The variable number N_(xBLOCK) _(_) _(TI)(n,s)=N_(r) will be less thanor equal to N′_(xBLOCK) _(_) _(TI) _(_) _(MAX). Thus, in order toachieve a single-memory deinterleaving at the receiver side, regardlessof N_(xBLOCK) _(_) _(TI)(n,s), the interleaving array for use in atwisted row-column block interleaver is set to the size ofN_(r)×N_(c)=N_(cells)×N′_(xBLOCK) _(_) _(TI) _(_) _(MAX) by insertingthe virtual XFECBLOCKs into the TI memory and the reading process isaccomplished as follow expression.

[expression 11] p = 0; for i = 0;i < N_(cells)N_(xBLOCK) _(—) _(TI) _(—)_(MAX)′;i = i + 1 {GENERATE (R_(n,s,i),C_(n,s,i)); V_(i) =N_(r)C_(n,s,j) + R_(n,s,j)  if V_(i) < N_(cells)N_(xBLOCK) _(—)_(TI)(n,s)  {   Z_(n,s,p) = V_(i); p = p + 1;   } }

The number of TI groups is set to 3. The option of time interleaver issignaled in the PLS2-STAT data by DP_TI_TYPE=‘0’, DP_FRAME_INTERVAL=‘1’,and DP_TI_LENGTH=‘1’, i.e., NTI=1, IJUMP=1, and PI=1. The number ofXFECBLOCKs, each of which has Ncells=30 cells, per TI group is signaledin the PLS2-DYN data by NxBLOCK_TI(0,0)=3, NxBLOCK_TI(1,0)=6, andNxBLOCK_TI(2,0)=5, respectively. The maximum number of XFECBLOCK issignaled in the PLS2-STAT data by NxBLOCK_Group_MAX, which leads to└N_(xBLOCK) _(_) _(Group) _(_) _(MAX)/N_(TI)┘=N_(xBLOCK) _(_) _(TI) _(_)_(MAX)=6.

FIG. 28 illustrates a diagonal-wise reading pattern of a twistedrow-column block interleaver according to an embodiment of the presentinvention.

More specifically FIG. 28 shows a diagonal-wise reading pattern fromeach interleaving array with parameters of N′_(xBLOCK) _(_) _(TI) _(_)_(MAX)=7 and Sshift=(7−1)/2=3. Note that in the reading process shown aspseudocode above, if V_(i)≧N_(cells)N_(xBLOCK) _(_) _(TI)(n,s), thevalue of Vi is skipped and the next calculated value of Vi is used.

FIG. 29 illustrates interlaved XFECBLOCKs from each interleaving arrayaccording to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 29 illustrates the interleaved XFECBLOCKs from each interleavingarray with parameters of N′_(xBLOCK) _(_) _(TI) _(_) _(MAX)=7 andSshift=3.

FIG. 30 illustrates the configuration of a broadcast reception apparatusaccording to an embodiment of the present invention.

In the embodiment of FIG. 30, the broadcast reception apparatus 100includes a broadcast receiving unit 110, an Internet Protocol (IP)communication unit 130, and a controller 150.

The broadcast receiving unit 110 may include one or more processors, oneor more circuits, and one or more hardware modules that performrespective functions to be performed by the broadcast receiving unit110. Specifically, the broadcast receiving unit 110 may be a System onChip (SOC) in which several semiconductor parts are integrated as one.The SOC may be a semiconductor in which various kinds of multimediaparts, such as a graphics card, an audio card, a video card, and amodem, and various kinds of semiconductor parts, such as a processor anda DRAM, are integrated as one. The broadcast receiving unit 110 includesa channel synchronizer 111, a channel equalizer 113, and a channeldecoder 115.

The channel synchronizer 111 synchronizes a symbol frequency with timingsuch that decoding can be performed in a baseband in which a broadcastsignal can be received.

The channel equalizer 113 compensates for the distortion of thesynchronized broadcast signal. Specifically, the channel equalizer 113compensates for the distortion of the synchronized broadcast signal dueto multipath, a Doppler effect, etc.

The channel decoder 115 decodes the broadcast signal, the distortion ofwhich has been compensated for. Specifically, the channel decoder 115extracts a transport frame from the broadcast signal, the distortion ofwhich has been compensated for. At this time, the channel decoder 115may perform Forward Error Correction (FEC).

The IP communication unit 130 receives and transmits data over theInternet. The IP communication unit 130 may include one or moreprocessors, one or more circuits, and one or more hardware modules thatperform respective functions to be performed by the IP communicationunit 130. Specifically, the IP communication unit 130 may be a System OnChip (SOC) in which several semiconductor parts are integrated as one.The SOC may be a semiconductor in which various kinds of multimediaparts, such as a graphics card, an audio card, a video card, and amodem, and various kinds of semiconductor parts, such as a processor anda DRAM, are integrated as one.

The controller 150 may include one or more processors, one or morecircuits, and one or more hardware modules that perform respectivefunctions to be performed by the controller 150. Specifically, thecontroller 150 may be a System On Chip (SOC) in which severalsemiconductor parts are integrated as one. The SOC may be asemiconductor in which various kinds of multimedia parts, such as agraphics card, an audio card, a video card, and a modem, and variouskinds of semiconductor parts, such as a processor and a DRAM, areintegrated as one. The controller 150 includes a signaling decoder 151,a transport packet interface 153, a broadband packet interface 155, abaseband operation controller 157, a common protocol stack 159, aservice map database 161, a service signaling channel processing bufferand parser 163, an A/V processor 165, a broadcast service guideprocessor 167, an application processor 169, and a service guidedatabase 171.

The signaling decoder 151 decodes signaling information in a broadcastsignal.

The transport packet interface 153 extracts a transport packet from thebroadcast signal. At this time, the transport packet interface 153 mayextract data, such as signaling information or an IP datagram, from theextracted transport packet.

The broadband packet interface 155 extracts an IP packet from datareceived over the Internet. At this time, the broadband packet interface155 may extract signaling data or an IP datagram from the IP packet.

The baseband operation controller 157 controls operations related to thereception of broadcast information from the baseband.

The common protocol stack 159 extracts audio or video from the transportpacket.

The A/V processor 165 processes the audio or the video.

The service signaling channel processing buffer and parser 163 parsesand buffers signaling information that indicates a broadcast service.Specifically, the service signaling channel processing buffer and parser163 may parse and buffer signaling information that indicates abroadcast service from the IP datagram.

The service map database 165 stores a broadcast service list includinginformation about broadcast services.

The service guide processor 167 processes terrestrial broadcast serviceguide data that guides terrestrial broadcast service programs.

The application processor 169 extracts and processes application-relatedinformation from a broadcast signal.

The service guide database 171 stores program information of a broadcastservice.

FIG. 31 illustrates a transport layer of a broadcast service accordingto an embodiment of the present invention.

A broadcast transmission apparatus may transmit a broadcast service anddata related to the broadcast service through at least one PhysicalLayer Pipe (PLP) over a single frequency or a plurality of frequencies.The PLP is a series of logical data transfer paths that can beidentified on a physical layer. The PLP may also be referred to usingother terms, such as data pipe. A single broadcast service may include aplurality of components. Each of the components may be one selected fromamong an audio component, a video component, and a data component. Eachbroadcasting station may transmit an encapsulated broadcast servicethrough a single PLP or a plurality of PLPs using the broadcasttransmission apparatus. Specifically, the broadcasting station maytransmit a plurality of components included in a single service througha plurality of PLPs using the broadcast transmission apparatus.Alternatively, the broadcasting station may transmit a plurality ofcomponents included in a single service through a single PLP using thebroadcast transmission apparatus. For example, in the embodiment of FIG.31, a first broadcasting station (Broadcast #1) may transmit signalinginformation through a single PLP (PLP #0) using the broadcasttransmission apparatus. In addition, in the embodiment of FIG. 31, thefirst broadcasting station (Broadcast #1) may transmit a first component(Component 1) and a second component (Component 2) included in a firstbroadcast service through a first PLP (PLP #1) and a second PLP (PLP#2), which are different from each other, respectively, using thebroadcast transmission apparatus. In addition, in the embodiment of FIG.31, an N-th broadcasting station (Broadcast #N) may transmit a firstcomponent (Component 1) and a second component (Component 2) included ina first broadcast service (Service #1) through an N-th PLP (PLP #N). Atthis time, a real-time broadcast service may be encapsulated using oneselected from among an IP, a user datagram protocol (UDP), and aprotocol for real-time content transport, such as a real-time transportprotocol (RTP). Even non-real-time content or non-real-time data may beencapsulated using at least one packet selected from among, the IP, theUDP, and the content transport protocol, such as FLUTE. Consequently, aplurality of PLPs, through which one or more components are transferred,may be included in a transport frame that is transmitted by thebroadcast transmission apparatus. Accordingly, the broadcast receptionapparatus 100 must check a plurality of PLPs in order to scan abroadcast service for the acquisition of broadcast service connectioninformation. Therefore, it is necessary to provide a broadcasttransmission method and a broadcast reception method that enable thebroadcast reception apparatus 100 to efficiently scan a broadcastservice.

FIG. 32 illustrates a broadcast transport frame according to anembodiment of the present invention.

In the embodiment of FIG. 32, the broadcast transport frame includes aP1 part, an L1 part, a common PLP part, a scheduled and interleaved PLPpart, and an auxiliary data part.

In the embodiment of FIG. 32, the broadcast transmission apparatustransmits information for transport signal detection through the P1 partof the broadcast transport frame. In addition, the broadcasttransmission apparatus may transmit tuning information for broadcastsignal tuning through the P1 part.

In the embodiment of FIG. 32, the broadcast transmission apparatustransmits the configuration of the broadcast transport frame and thecharacteristics of each PLP through the L part. At this time, thebroadcast reception apparatus 100 may decode the L part based on the P1part to acquire the configuration of the broadcast transport frame andthe characteristics of each PLP.

In the embodiment of FIG. 32, the broadcast transmission apparatus maytransmit information that is commonly applied to the PLPs through thecommon PLP part. In another concrete embodiment, the broadcast transportframe does not include the common PLP part.

In the embodiment of FIG. 32, the broadcast transmission apparatustransmits a plurality of components included in a broadcast servicethrough the scheduled and interleaved PLP part. Here, the scheduled andinterleaved PLP part includes a plurality of PLPs.

In the embodiment of FIG. 32, the broadcast transmission apparatus mayindicate the PLP through which each component constituting a broadcastservice is transmitted, via either the L1 part or the common PLP part.In order to acquire concrete broadcast service information for broadcastservice scanning, etc., however, the broadcast reception apparatus 100must decode all of the PLPs in the scheduled and interleaved PLP part.

Unlike the embodiment of FIG. 32, the broadcast transmission apparatusmay transmit a broadcast transport frame including a broadcast servicetransmitted through the broadcast transport frame and an additional partincluding information about components included in the broadcastservice. At this time, the broadcast reception apparatus 100 may rapidlyacquire the broadcast service and the information about the componentsincluded in the broadcast service through the additional part, whichwill be described hereinafter with reference to FIGS. 33 to 45.

FIG. 33 illustrates a broadcast transport frame according to anotherembodiment of the present invention.

In the embodiment of FIG. 33, the broadcast transport frame includes aP1 part, an L1 part, a fast information channel (FIC) part, a scheduledand interleaved PLP part, and an auxiliary data part.

The embodiment of FIG. 33 is identical to the embodiment of FIG. 32except for the L1 part and the FIC part. The broadcast transmissionapparatus transmits fast information through the FIC part. The fastinformation may include information about configuration of a broadcaststream transmitted through the transport frame, brief broadcast serviceinformation, and component information. The broadcast receptionapparatus 100 may scan a broadcast service based on the FIC part.Specifically, the broadcast reception apparatus 100 may extractinformation about a broadcast service from the FIC part.

The L1 part may further include information about the version of fastinformation, which indicates whether the fast information included inthe FIC part has been changed. In a case in which the fast informationhas been changed, the broadcast transmission apparatus may change theinformation about the version of the fast information. In addition, thebroadcast reception apparatus 100 may determine whether to receive thefast information based on the information about the version of the fastinformation. Specifically, in a case in which the information about theversion of the fast information that has been previously received is thesame as the information about the version of the fast informationincluded in the L1 part, the broadcast reception apparatus 100 may notreceive the fast information.

The information included in the FIC part will be described in detailwith reference to FIG. 34.

FIG. 34 illustrates the syntax of a fast information chunk according toan embodiment of the present invention.

The fast information chunk that is transmitted through the FIC part ofthe broadcast transport frame may include at least one selected fromamong an FIT_data_version field, a num_broadcast field, a broadcast_idfield, a delivery_system_id field, a num_service field, a service_idfield, a service_category field, a service_hidden_flag field, and anSP_indicator field.

The FIT_data_version field indicates version information about thesyntax and semantics of the fast information chunk. The broadcastreception apparatus 100 may determine whether to process a correspondingfast information chunk using this field. For example, in a case in whichthe value of the FIT_data_version field indicates a version that thebroadcast reception apparatus 100 does not support, the broadcastreception apparatus 100 may not process the fast information chunk. In aconcrete embodiment, the FIT_data_version field may be an 8-bit field.

The num_broadcast field indicates the number of broadcasting stationsthat transmit a broadcast service through a corresponding frequency ortransport frame that is transmitted. In a concrete embodiment, thenum_broadcast field may be an 8-bit field.

The broadcast_id field indicates an identifier that identifies abroadcasting station that transmits a broadcast service through acorresponding frequency or transport frame. In a case in which thebroadcast transmission apparatus transmits data based on an MPEG-2 TS,the broadcast_id field may have the same value as transport_stream_id ofthe MPEG-2 TS. In a concrete embodiment, the broadcast_id field may be a16-bit field.

The delivery_system_id field indicates an identifier that identifies abroadcast delivery system that applies and processes the sametransmission parameter over a broadcast network. In a concreteembodiment, the delivery_system_id field may be a 16-bit field.

The num_service field indicates the number of broadcast services that abroadcasting station corresponding to broadcast_id transmits in acorresponding frequency or transport frame. In a concrete embodiment,the num_service field may be an 8-bit field.

The service_id field indicates an identifier that identifies a broadcastservice. In a concrete embodiment, the service_id field may be a 16-bitfield.

The service_category field indicates the category of a broadcastservice. Specifically, the service_category field may indicate at leastone selected from among a TV service, a radio service, a broadcastservice guide, an RI service, and emergency alerting. For example, in acase in which the value of the service_category field is 0x01, theservice_category field may indicate a TV service. In a case in which thevalue of the service_category field is 0x02, the service_category fieldmay indicate a radio service. In a case in which the value of theservice_category field is 0x03, the service_category field may indicatean RI service. In a case in which the value of the service_categoryfield is 0x08, the service_category field may indicate a service guide.In a case in which the value of the service_category field is 0x09, theservice_category field may indicate emergency alerting. In a concreteembodiment, the service_category field may be a 6-bit field.

The service_hidden_flag field indicates whether a correspondingbroadcast service is a hidden service. In a case in which the broadcastservice is a hidden service, the broadcast service is a test service ora special service. In a case in which the corresponding service is ahidden service, therefore, the broadcast reception apparatus 100 may notshow the corresponding service in a service guide or a service list. Inaddition, in a case in which the corresponding service is a hiddenservice, the broadcast reception apparatus 100 may prevent thecorresponding service from being selected by a channel up/down keyinput, but may allow the corresponding service to be selected by anumber key input. In a concrete embodiment, the service_hidden_flagfield may be a 1-bit field.

The SP_indicator field may indicate whether one or more components of acorresponding broadcast service have been service-protected. Forexample, in a case in which the value of the SP_indicator field is 1,the SP_indicator field may indicate that one or more components of acorresponding broadcast service have been service-protected. In aconcrete embodiment, the SP_indicator field may be a 1-bit field. Abroadcast service transmission method and a broadcast service receptionmethod using a fast information chunk will be described with referenceto FIGS. 35 to 36.

FIG. 35 illustrates a broadcast transmission apparatus according to anembodiment of the present invention transmitting a broadcast service.

The broadcast transmission apparatus acquires information about abroadcast service to be transmitted through the controller (S101).Specifically, the broadcast transmission apparatus acquires informationabout a broadcast service to be included in a frequency or transportframe. In a concrete example, the broadcast transmission apparatus mayacquire at least one selected from among a broadcasting stationidentifier, which identifies a broadcasting station for transmitting abroadcast, a delivery system identifier, which identifies a deliverysystem for delivering a broadcast, an identifier that identifies abroadcast service, information about the category of a broadcastservice, information indicating whether the broadcast service is ahidden service, and information indicating whether the components of abroadcast service have been service-protected.

The broadcast transmission apparatus generates fast information based onbroadcast service information through the controller (S103). The fastinformation may include at least one selected from among a broadcastingstation identifier, which identifies a broadcasting station fortransmitting a broadcast, a delivery system identifier, which identifiesa delivery system for delivering a broadcast, an identifier thatidentifies a broadcast service, information about the category of abroadcast service, information indicating whether the broadcast serviceis a hidden service, information indicating whether the components of abroadcast service have been service-protected, information indicatingthe number of broadcasting stations that transmit a broadcast service ina transport frame into which fast information will be inserted, andinformation indicating the number of broadcast services corresponding tothe respective broadcasting station identifiers in the transport frame.In a concrete embodiment, the broadcast transmission apparatus maygenerate the same fast information chunk as in the embodiment of FIG.34.

The broadcast transmission apparatus inserts fast information into afast information channel part of the transport frame through thecontroller (S105). The broadcast transmission apparatus may insert fastinformation into the fast information channel part of the transportframe in the same manner as in the embodiment of FIG. 33.

The broadcast transmission apparatus transmits a broadcast signalincluding the transport frame through a transmission unit (S107).

FIG. 36 illustrates a broadcast reception apparatus according to anembodiment of the present invention scanning a broadcast service.

The broadcast reception apparatus 100 tunes the broadcast receiving unit110 to a channel that is capable of receiving a broadcast signal (S301).In general, for terrestrial broadcasting, a channel list including afrequency that is capable of transmitting a broadcast service for agiven region and information about concrete transmission parameters isprescribed. In addition, for cable broadcasting, a channel listincluding a frequency that is capable of transmitting a broadcastservice for a given cable broadcasting provider and information aboutconcrete transmission parameters is prescribed. In a concreteembodiment, therefore, the broadcast reception apparatus 100 may tune toa channel that is capable of receiving a broadcast signal based on apreset channel list.

The broadcast reception apparatus 100 acquires fast information throughthe controller 150 (S303). Specifically, the broadcast receptionapparatus 100 may extract fast information from an FIC part of atransport frame. Here, the fast information may be the fast informationchunk of FIG. 34.

In a case in which a broadcast service exists in the transport frame,the broadcast reception apparatus 100 acquires broadcast serviceconnection information through the controller 150 (S305 and S307). Inaddition, the broadcast reception apparatus 100 may determine whether abroadcast service exists in the transport frame based on informationindicating the number of broadcasting stations for transmitting abroadcast service in the transport frame. In another concreteembodiment, the broadcast reception apparatus 100 may determine whethera broadcast service exists in the transport frame based on informationindicating whether a broadcast service corresponding to eachbroadcasting station identifier exists in the transport frame.

The broadcast service connection information may be the minimuminformation necessary to receive a broadcast service. Specifically, thebroadcast service connection information may include at least oneselected from among a broadcasting station identifier, which identifiesa broadcasting station for transmitting a broadcast, a delivery systemidentifier, which identifies a delivery system for delivering abroadcast, an identifier that identifies a broadcast service,information about the category of a broadcast service, informationindicating whether the broadcast service is a hidden service,information indicating whether the components of a broadcast servicehave been service-protected, information indicating the number ofbroadcasting stations that transmit a broadcast service in a transportframe into which fast information will be inserted, and informationindicating the number of broadcast services corresponding to therespective broadcasting station identifiers in the transport frame. In aconcrete embodiment, the broadcast reception apparatus 100 may generatea broadcast service list including connection information about aplurality of broadcast services based on the acquired broadcast serviceconnection information.

In a case in which not all pieces of broadcast service connectioninformation in the fast information have been acquired, the broadcastreception apparatus 100 acquires broadcast service connectioninformation about the next broadcast service (S309 and S311). In aconcrete embodiment, the fast information may include broadcast serviceconnection information about a plurality of broadcast services. Here,the fast information may include broadcast service connectioninformation in the form of a loop in which broadcast service connectioninformation about the broadcast services is successively stored.Specifically, the fast information may include broadcast serviceconnection information about a broadcast service that is provided byeach broadcasting station in the form of a loop.

In a case in which no broadcast service exists in the transport frame orin a case in which all pieces of broadcast service connectioninformation in the fast information have been acquired, the broadcastreception apparatus 100 determines whether the currently tuned channelis the last channel (S305, S309, and S313). Specifically, the broadcastreception apparatus 100 may determine whether the currently tunedchannel is the last channel of a preset channel list.

In a case in which the currently tuned channel is not the last channel,the broadcast reception apparatus 100 tunes to the next channel toacquire fast information (S315).

In a case in which the currently tuned channel is the last channel, thebroadcast reception apparatus 100 receives a broadcast service (S317).At this time, the broadcast service that is received by the broadcastreception apparatus 100 may be a preset broadcast service. In anotherconcrete embodiment, the broadcast service that is received by thebroadcast reception apparatus 100 may be a broadcast service for whichthe connection information was acquired last. In another concreteembodiment, the broadcast service that is received by the broadcastreception apparatus 100 may be a broadcast service for which theconnection information was acquired first. In the embodiments of FIGS.33 to 35, however, the broadcast reception apparatus 100 may acquireonly brief information about broadcasting stations that exist in acorresponding frequency or transport frame and a broadcast service thatis provided by each of the broadcasting stations. In order to acquiredetailed information about each broadcast service transmitted in acorresponding frequency or transport frame, therefore, the broadcastreception apparatus 100 must perform an additional operation. Forexample, in order to acquire information about components constitutingeach broadcast service, the broadcast reception apparatus 100 mustextract signaling information from the scheduled and interleaved PLPpart in the transport frame. Therefore, it is necessary to provide a newbroadcast transmission method, an operation method of the broadcasttransmission apparatus, a broadcast reception apparatus, and anoperation method of the broadcast reception apparatus that enable thebroadcast reception apparatus 100 to rapidly and efficiently acquiredetailed information about a broadcast service in a transport frame,which will be described with reference to FIGS. 37 to 48.

In a case in which a transport frame includes an additional PLP partincluding detailed information about broadcast services transmittedthrough the transport frame, the broadcast reception apparatus 100 maymerely extract the additional PLP part to acquire detailed informationabout broadcast services transmitted through the transport frame. Inaddition, in a case in which a fast information chunk includes anadditional PLP part including detailed information about broadcastservices transmitted through a transport frame, the broadcast receptionapparatus 100 may efficiently acquire information about the additionalPLP part including detailed information about the broadcast servicestransmitted through the transport frame. Consequently, the transportframe may include an additional PLP part including detailed informationabout the broadcast services transmitted through the transport frame inthe scheduled and interleaved PLP part. Here, the additional PLP partincluding detailed information about broadcast services transmittedthrough the transport frame may include signaling information thatindicates a broadcast service. In another concrete embodiment, theadditional PLP part including detailed information about broadcastservices transmitted through the transport frame may include componentsincluded in each broadcast service.

In addition, the fast information chunk may include an additional PLPpart that includes detailed information about broadcast servicestransmitted through the transport frame. Specifically, the fastinformation chunk may include an identifier that identifies theadditional PLP part that includes detailed information about thebroadcast services transmitted through the transport frame, which willbe described in detail with reference to FIGS. 37 to 40. Hereinafter,the additional PLP part including the detailed information about thebroadcast services transmitted through the transport frame will bereferred to as a base PLP.

FIGS. 37 to 40 illustrate the syntax of a fast information chunkaccording to another embodiment of the present invention.

In the embodiment of FIG. 37, the fast information chunk furtherincludes a base_PLP_id field and a base_PLP_version field, unlike theembodiment of FIG. 34.

The base_PLP_id field is an identifier that identifies a base PLPregarding a broadcast service that is provided by a broadcasting stationcorresponding to broadcast_id. In a concrete embodiment, the base PLPmay transfer signaling information that indicates a broadcast servicebeing transmitted through the transport frame. In a concrete embodiment,the signaling information that indicates the broadcast service may beMPEG2-TS PSI. In addition, in a concrete embodiment, the signalinginformation that indicates the broadcast service may be ATSC PSIP. Inaddition, in a concrete embodiment, the signaling information thatindicates the broadcast service may be DVB SI. In another concreteembodiment, the base PLP may include components included in a broadcastservice transmitted through the transport frame. In a concreteembodiment, the base_PLP_id field may be an 8-bit field.

The base_PLP_version field may indicate version information about thechange of data transmitted through the base PLP. For example, whenservice signaling is changed in a case in which signaling information istransferred through base_PLP, the value of the base_PLP_version fieldmay increase by 1. In a concrete embodiment, the base_PLP_version fieldmay be a 5-bit field. The broadcast reception apparatus 100 maydetermine whether to receive data transmitted through base_PLP based onthe base_PLP_version field. For example, in a case in which the value ofthe base_PLP_version field is the same as the value of thebase_PLP_version field of data transmitted through the base PLP that hasbeen previously received, the broadcast reception apparatus 100 may notreceive data transmitted through the base PLP.

Meanwhile, the number of PLPs in the transport frame may be set to amaximum of 32. In this case, the maximum value that the base_PLP_idfield can have is 32 or less, and therefore the base_PLP_id field may bea 6-bit field. In addition, the value that the num_service field canhave is 32 or less, and therefore the num_service field may be a 5-bitfield.

FIG. 38 illustrates an embodiment in which the base_PLP_id field is a6-bit field and the num_service field is a 5-bit field.

In addition, the fast information chunk may include information aboutthe components of a broadcast service. In a concrete embodiment, thefast information chunk may include a num_component field, acomponent_id_field, and a PLP_id_field.

The num_component field indicates the number of components constitutinga corresponding broadcast service. In a concrete embodiment, thenum_component field may be an 8-bit field.

The component_id field indicates an identifier that identifies acorresponding component in a broadcast service. In a concreteembodiment, the component_id field may be an 8-bit field.

The PLP_id field indicates an identifier that identifies a PLP, throughwhich a corresponding component is transmitted in a transport frame. Ina concrete embodiment, the PLP_id field may be an 8-bit field.

FIG. 39 illustrates an embodiment in which the fast information chunkincludes a num_component field, a component_id field, and a PLP_idfield.

In addition, as previously described, the number of PLPs in thetransport frame may be set to a maximum of 32. In this case, even whenthe fast information chunk includes a num_component field, acomponent_id field, and a PLP_id field, a base_PLP_id field may be a6-bit field. In addition, a num_service field may be a 5-bit field.

FIG. 40 illustrates an embodiment in which the fast information chunkincludes a num_component field, a component_id field, and a PLP_idfield, a base_PLP_id field is a 6-bit field, and a num_service field isa 5-bit field.

FIG. 41 illustrates a broadcast transmission apparatus according toanother embodiment of the present invention transmitting a broadcastservice.

The broadcast transmission apparatus acquires information about abroadcast service to be transmitted through the controller (S501).Specifically, the broadcast transmission apparatus acquires informationabout a broadcast service to be included in a frequency or transportframe. In a concrete example, the broadcast transmission apparatus mayacquire at least one selected from among a broadcasting stationidentifier, which identifies a broadcasting station for transmitting abroadcast, a delivery system identifier, which identifies a deliverysystem for delivering a broadcast, an identifier that identifies abroadcast service, information about the category of a broadcastservice, information indicating whether the broadcast service is ahidden service, information indicating whether components of a broadcastservice have been service-protected, information indicating anidentifier of an component included in a broadcast service, andsignaling information that indicates a broadcast service. The signalinginformation may be one selected from among MPEG2-TS PSI, ATSC PSIP, andDVB SI. In addition, the signaling information may include signalinginformation that indicates a broadcast service based on standards thatwill be newly established in the future in addition to theabove-mentioned standards.

The broadcast transmission apparatus inserts detailed information aboutbroadcast services transmitted through the transport frame based onbroadcast service information into at least one PLP of the scheduled andinterleaved PLP part through the controller (S503). As previouslydescribed, the detailed information about broadcast services may besignaling information that indicates a broadcast service. The signalinginformation may be one selected from among MPEG2-TS PSI, ATSC PSIP, andDVB SI. In addition, the signaling information may include signalinginformation that indicates a broadcast service based on standards thatwill be newly established in the future in addition to theabove-mentioned standards. In addition, the broadcast transmissionapparatus inserts components of each broadcast service included in thebroadcast services transmitted through the transport frame based on thebroadcast service information into at least one PLP of the scheduled andinterleaved PLP part. Here, the PLP, into which the detailed informationabout broadcast services transmitted through the transport frame hasbeen inserted, is a base PLP.

The broadcast transmission apparatus generates fast information based onthe PLP including the broadcast service information and detailedinformation about the broadcast services through the controller (S505).The fast information may include at least one selected from among abroadcasting station identifier, which identifies a broadcasting stationfor transmitting a broadcast, a delivery system identifier, whichidentifies a delivery system for delivering a broadcast, an identifierthat identifies a broadcast service, information about the category of abroadcast service, information indicating whether the broadcast serviceis a hidden service, information indicating whether components of abroadcast service have been service-protected, information indicatingthe number of broadcasting stations that transmit a broadcast service ina transport frame into which fast information will be inserted,information indicating the number of broadcast services corresponding tothe respective broadcasting station identifiers in the transport frame,information indicating the number of components included in a broadcastservice, an identifier that identifies components included in abroadcast service, and an identifier that identifies a PLP including acorresponding component. In addition, the fast information may includean identifier that identifies a base PLP. In addition, the fastinformation may include information indicating the change of informationin the base PLP. In a concrete embodiment, the broadcast transmissionapparatus may generate the same fast information chunk as in theembodiments of FIGS. 37 to 40.

The broadcast transmission apparatus inserts fast information into thefast information channel part of the transport frame through thecontroller (S507). The broadcast transmission apparatus may insert fastinformation into the fast information channel part of the transportframe in the same manner as in the embodiment of FIG. 33.

The broadcast transmission apparatus transmits a broadcast signalincluding the transport frame through a transmission unit (S509).

FIG. 42 illustrates a broadcast reception apparatus according to anotherembodiment of the present invention scanning a broadcast service.

The broadcast reception apparatus 100 tunes the broadcast receiving unit110 to a channel that is capable of receiving a broadcast signal (S701).In general, for terrestrial broadcasting, a channel list including afrequency that is capable of transmitting a broadcast service for agiven region and information about concrete transmission parameters isprescribed, as previously described. In addition, for cablebroadcasting, a channel list including a frequency that is capable oftransmitting a broadcast service for a given cable broadcasting providerand information about concrete transmission parameters is prescribed. Ina concrete embodiment, therefore, the broadcast reception apparatus 100may tune to a channel that is capable of receiving a broadcast signalbased on a preset channel list.

The broadcast reception apparatus 100 acquires fast information throughthe controller 150 (S703). Specifically, the broadcast receptionapparatus 100 may extract fast information from an FIC part of atransport frame. Here, the fast information may be the fast informationchunk in the embodiments of FIGS. 34 to 40.

In a case in which a broadcast service exists in the transport frame,the broadcast reception apparatus 100 acquires BASE PLP information andbroadcast service connection information through the controller 150(S705 and S707). In addition, the broadcast reception apparatus 100 maydetermine whether a broadcast service exists in the transport framebased on information indicating the number of broadcasting stations fortransmitting a broadcast service in the transport frame. In anotherconcrete embodiment, the broadcast reception apparatus 100 may determinewhether a broadcast service exists in the transport frame based oninformation indicating whether a broadcast service corresponding to eachbroadcasting station identifier exists in the transport frame.

The broadcast service connection information may be the minimuminformation necessary to receive a broadcast service. Specifically, thebroadcast service connection information may include at least oneselected from among a broadcasting station identifier, which identifiesa broadcasting station for transmitting a broadcast, a delivery systemidentifier, which identifies a delivery system for delivering abroadcast, an identifier that identifies a broadcast service,information about the category of a broadcast service, informationindicating whether the broadcast service is a hidden service,information indicating whether components of a broadcast service havebeen service-protected, information indicating the number ofbroadcasting stations that transmit a broadcast service in a transportframe into which fast information will be inserted, informationindicating the number of broadcast services corresponding to therespective broadcasting station identifiers in the transport frame,information indicating the number of components included in a broadcastservice, an identifier that identifies components included in abroadcast service, and an identifier that identifies a PLP including acorresponding component. In a concrete embodiment, the broadcastreception apparatus 100 may generate a broadcast service list includingconnection information about a plurality of broadcast services based onthe acquired broadcast service connection information. In addition, thebase PLP information may include one selected from between an identifierthat identifies a base PLP and information indicating the change ofinformation in the base PLP.

The broadcast reception apparatus 100 acquires signaling informationabout a broadcast service based on the base PLP information through thecontroller 150. As previously described, the signaling information maybe one selected from among MPEG2-TS PSI, ATSC PSIP, and DVB SI. Inaddition, the signaling information may include signaling informationthat indicates a broadcast service based on standards that will be newlyestablished in the future in addition to the above-mentioned standards.

The operation of the broadcast reception apparatus 100 will be describedin detail with reference to FIGS. 43 and 44.

As in the embodiment of FIG. 43, the broadcast reception apparatus 100may acquire broadcast service connection information from fastinformation. In addition, the broadcast reception apparatus 100 maygenerate a broadcast service list including connection information aboutbroadcast services. In order to acquire detailed information about thebroadcast services, however, the broadcast reception apparatus 100 mustacquire information from base_PLP. To this end, the broadcast receptionapparatus 100 identifies base_PLP based on base_PLP information.Specifically, as in the embodiment of FIG. 44, the broadcast receptionapparatus 100 may acquire a base_PLP identifier from fast information,and may identify base_PLP from a plurality of PLPs based on the base_PLPidentifier. In addition, the broadcast reception apparatus 100 mayacquire signaling information based on the broadcast service connectioninformation from signaling information included in base_PLP.Specifically, the broadcast reception apparatus 100 may acquiresignaling information corresponding to the broadcast service connectioninformation. For example, the broadcast reception apparatus 100 mayacquire the type of a component, included in a broadcast servicecorresponding to a broadcast service identifier acquired from the fastinformation, from base_PLP.

In a case in which not all pieces of broadcast service connectioninformation in the fast information have been acquired, the broadcastreception apparatus 100 acquires broadcast service connectioninformation about the next broadcast service (S711 and S713). In aconcrete embodiment, the fast information may include broadcast serviceconnection information about a plurality of broadcast services. Here,the fast information may include broadcast service connectioninformation in the form of a loop in which the broadcast serviceconnection information about the broadcast services is successivelystored. Specifically, the fast information may include broadcast serviceconnection information about a broadcast service that is provided byeach broadcasting station in the form of a loop.

In a case in which no broadcast service exists in the transport frame orin a case in which all pieces of broadcast service connectioninformation in the fast information have been acquired, the broadcastreception apparatus 100 determines whether the currently tuned channelis the last channel (S705, S711, and S715). Specifically, the broadcastreception apparatus 100 may determine whether the currently tunedchannel is the last channel of a preset channel list, as previouslydescribed.

In a case in which the currently tuned channel is not the last channel,the broadcast reception apparatus 100 tunes to the next channel toacquire fast information (S717).

In a case in which the currently tuned channel is the last channel, thebroadcast reception apparatus 100 receives a broadcast service (S719).Here, the broadcast service that is received by the broadcast receptionapparatus 100 may be a preset broadcast service. In another concreteembodiment, the broadcast service that is received by the broadcastreception apparatus 100 may be a broadcast service for which theconnection information was acquired last. In another concreteembodiment, the broadcast service that is received by the broadcastreception apparatus 100 may be a broadcast service for which theconnection information was acquired first.

The broadcast reception apparatus 100 may efficiently acquire detailedinformation about a broadcast service as well as brief information aboutthe broadcast service through base_PLP. In addition, the broadcastreception apparatus 100 may rapidly acquire detailed information about abroadcast service as well as brief information about the broadcastservice through base_PLP.

In a case in which no additional FIC part exists in the transport frame,however, the broadcast transmission apparatus may transmit fastinformation in the form of a table through a common PLP part thattransfers information shared in a PLP or an additional PLP. The fastinformation table may be encapsulated into a generic packet including anMPEG2-TS or IP/UDP datagram or an IP/UDP datagram. In addition, thebroadcast reception apparatus 100 may receive the fast information tablefrom the common PLP part or the additional PLP through the controller150. In addition, the broadcast reception apparatus 100 may perform theoperation of FIG. 44 with respect to the fast information table. Theform of the fast information table will be described with reference toFIGS. 45 to 48.

FIG. 45 illustrates the syntax of a fast information table according toan embodiment of the present invention.

The fast information table may include at least one selected from amonga table_id field, a section_syntax_indicator field, a private_indicatorfield, a section_length field, a table_id_extension field, atable_id_extension field, an FIT_data_version field, acurrent_next_indicator field, a section_number field, alast_section_number field, a num_broadcast field, a broadcast_id field,a delivery_system_id field, a base_PLP_id field, a base_PLP_versionfield, a num_service field, a service_id field, a service_categoryfield, a service_hidden_flag field, an SP_indicator field, anum_component field, a component_id field, and a PLP_id field.

The table_id field indicates an identifier of the fast informationtable. The table_id field may be 0xFA, which is one of the reserved idvalues defined by ATSC A/65. In a concrete embodiment, the table_idfield may be an 8-bit field.

The section_syntax_indicator field indicates whether the fastinformation table is a long type of private section table based onMPEG-2 TS. In a concrete embodiment, the section_syntax_indicator fieldmay be a 1-bit field.

The private_indicator field indicates whether the current tablecorresponds to a private section. In a concrete embodiment, theprivate_indicator field may be a 1-bit field.

The section_length field indicates the length of a section includedafter the section_length field. In a concrete embodiment, thesection_length field may be a 12-bit field.

The table_id_extension field may indicate an identifier that identifiesfast information. In a concrete embodiment, the table_id_extension fieldmay be a 16-bit field.

The FIT_data_version field indicates version information about thesyntax and semantics of the fast information table. The broadcastreception apparatus 100 may determine whether to process the fastinformation table using this field. For example, in a case in which thevalue of the FIT_data_version field indicates a version that thebroadcast reception apparatus 100 does not support, the broadcastreception apparatus 100 may not process the fast information table. In aconcrete embodiment, the FIT_data_version field may be a 5-bit field.

The current_next_indicator field indicates whether information of thefast information table is currently usable. Specifically, in a case inwhich the value of the current_next_indicator field is 1, thecurrent_next_indicator field may indicate that information of the fastinformation table is usable. In addition, in a case in which the valueof the current_next_indicator field is 1, the current_next_indicatorfield may indicate that the information of the fast information table isusable next. In a concrete embodiment, the current_next_indicator fieldmay be a 1-bit field.

The section_number field indicates the number of a current section. In aconcrete embodiment, the section_number field may be an 8-bit field.

The last_section_number field indicates the number of the last section.In a case in which the fast information table is large, the fastinformation table may be transmitted in a state of having been dividedinto a plurality of sections. At this time, the broadcast receptionapparatus 100 may determine whether to receive all sections necessaryfor the fast information table based on the section_number field and thelast_section_number field. In a concrete embodiment, thelast_section_number field may be an 8-bit field.

The num_broadcast field indicates the number of broadcasting stationsthat transmit a broadcast service through a corresponding frequency ortransport frame that is transmitted. In a concrete embodiment, thenum_broadcast field may be an 8-bit field.

The broadcast_id field indicates an identifier that identifies abroadcasting station that transmits a broadcast service through acorresponding frequency or transport frame. In a case in which thebroadcast transmission apparatus transmits data based on MPEG-2 TS,broadcast_id may have the same value as transport_stream_id of MPEG-2TS. In a concrete embodiment, the broadcast_id field may be a 16-bitfield.

The delivery_system_id field indicates an identifier that identifies abroadcast delivery system that applies and processes the sametransmission parameter over a broadcast network. In a concreteembodiment, the delivery_system_id field may be a 16-bit field.

The base_PLP_id field is an identifier that identifies a base PLPregarding a broadcast service that is provided by a broadcasting stationcorresponding to broadcast_id. In a concrete embodiment, the base PLPmay transfer signaling information that indicates a broadcast servicetransmitted through the transport frame. In a concrete embodiment, thesignaling information that indicates the broadcast service may beMPEG2-TS PSI. In addition, in a concrete embodiment, the signalinginformation that indicates the broadcast service may be ATSC PSIP. Inaddition, in a concrete embodiment, the signaling information thatindicates the broadcast service may be DVB SI. In another concreteembodiment, the base PLP may include components included in a broadcastservice transmitted through the transport frame. In a concreteembodiment, the base_PLP_id field may be an 8-bit field.

The base_PLP_version field may indicate version information about thechange of data transmitted through the base PLP. For example, when aservice signal is changed in a case in which signaling information istransferred through base_PLP, the value of the base_PLP_version fieldmay increase by 1. In a concrete embodiment, the base_PLP_version fieldmay be a 5-bit field.

The num_service field indicates the number of broadcast services that abroadcasting station corresponding to broadcast_id transmits in acorresponding frequency or transport frame. In a concrete embodiment,the num_service field may be an 8-bit field.

The service_id field indicates an identifier that identifies a broadcastservice. In a concrete embodiment, the service_id field may be a 16-bitfield.

The service_category field indicates the category of a broadcastservice. Specifically, the service_category field may have at least oneselected from among a TV service, a radio service, a broadcast serviceguide, an RI service, and emergency alerting. For example, in a case inwhich the value of the service_category field is 0x01, theservice_category field may indicate a TV service. In a case in which thevalue of the service_category field is 0x02, the service_category fieldmay indicate a radio service. In a case in which the value of theservice_category field is 0x03, the service_category field may indicatean RI service. In a case in which the value of the service_categoryfield is 0x08, the service_category field may indicate a service guide.In a case in which the value of the service_category field is 0x09, theservice_category field may indicate emergency alerting. In a concreteembodiment, the service_category field may be a 6-bit field.

The service_hidden_flag field indicates whether a correspondingbroadcast service is a hidden service. In a case in which the broadcastservice is a hidden service, the broadcast service is a test service ora special service. In a case in which the corresponding service is ahidden service, therefore, the broadcast reception apparatus 100 may notshow the corresponding service in a service guide or a service list. Inaddition, in a case in which the corresponding service is a hiddenservice, the broadcast reception apparatus 100 may prevent thecorresponding service from being selected by a channel up/down keyinput, but may allow the corresponding service to be selected by anumber key input. In a concrete embodiment, the service_hidden_flagfield may be a 1-bit field.

The SP_indicator field may indicate whether one or more components of acorresponding broadcast service have been service-protected. Forexample, in a case in which the value of the SP_indicator field is 1,the SP_indicator field may indicate that one or more components of acorresponding broadcast service have been service-protected. In aconcrete embodiment, the SP_indicator field may be a 1-bit field.

The num_component field indicates the number of components constitutinga corresponding broadcast service. In a concrete embodiment, thenum_component field may be an 8-bit field.

The component_id field indicates an identifier that identifies acorresponding component in a broadcast service. In a concreteembodiment, the component_id_field may be an 8-bit field.

The PLP_id field indicates an identifier that identifies a PLP, throughwhich a corresponding component is transmitted in a transport frame. Ina concrete embodiment, the PLP_id field may be an 8-bit field. Thecontents of information included in the fast information table aresimilar to those of the information included in the fast informationchunk that has been previously described. Since the fast informationtable is not transmitted through the FIC channel part, however, the sizeof the information included in the fast information table is not limitedto the same extent as the information included in the fast informationchunk. Consequently, the fast information table may include informationthat is not included in the fast information chunk, which will bedescribed with reference to FIG. 46.

FIG. 47 illustrates the syntax of a fast information table according toanother embodiment of the present invention.

As in the embodiment of FIG. 46, the fast information table may includeat least one selected from among a short_service_name_length field, ashort_service_name field, a num_descriptors field, and aservice_descriptor field.

The short_service_name_length field indicates the length of the value ofthe short_service_name field. In a concrete embodiment, theshort_service_name_length field may be a 3-bit field.

The short_service_name field indicates the short name for acorresponding broadcast service. In a concrete embodiment, theshort_service_name field may be a field having a bit size obtained bymultiplying the value of short_service_name_length field by 8.

The num_descriptors field indicates the number of service-leveldescriptors including detailed information about a correspondingservice. In a concrete embodiment, the num_descriptors field may be an8-bit field.

The service_descriptor field indicates a service descriptor includingdetailed information about a corresponding service. Since the size ofthe fast information table is not limited to the same extent as the fastinformation chunk, as previously described, detailed information aboutbroadcast service information may also be transmitted and receivedthrough service_descriptor. In addition, the fast information table maybe transmitted and received in the form of an XML file in addition tothe bitstream form described with reference to FIGS. 45 and 46, whichwill be described with reference to FIG. 47.

FIG. 47 illustrates the syntax of a fast information table according toanother embodiment of the present invention.

In a case in which the fast information table is a table in an XML form,the fast information table may include at least one selected from amongan FITdataversion attribute, a broadcastID attribute, a deliverySystemIDattribute, a basePLPID attribute, a basePLPversion attribute, aserviceID attribute, a serviceCategory attribute, a serviceHiddenattribute, a ServiceProtection attribute, a componentID attribute, and aPLPID attribute.

The FITdataversion attribute indicates version information about thesyntax and semantics of the fast information table. The broadcastreception apparatus 100 may determine whether to process a correspondingfast information table using this field. For example, in a case in whichthe value of the FITdataversion attribute indicates a version that thebroadcast reception apparatus 100 does not support, the broadcastreception apparatus 100 may not process the fast information table.

The broadcastID attribute indicates an identifier that identifies abroadcasting station that transmits a broadcast service through acorresponding frequency or transport frame. In a case in which thebroadcast transmission apparatus transmits data based on MPEG-2 TS, thebroadcastID attribute may have the same value as transport_stream_id ofMPEG-2 TS.

The deliverySystemID attribute indicates an identifier that identifies abroadcast delivery system that applies and processes the sametransmission parameter over a broadcast network.

The basePLPID attribute is an identifier that identifies a base PLPregarding a broadcast service that is provided by a broadcasting stationcorresponding to the broadcastID attribute. In a concrete embodiment,the base PLP may transfer signaling information that indicates abroadcast service being transmitted through the transport frame. In aconcrete embodiment, the signaling information that indicates thebroadcast service may be MPEG2-TS PSI. In addition, in a concreteembodiment, the signaling information that indicates the broadcastservice may be ATSC PSIP. In addition, in a concrete embodiment, thesignaling information that indicates the broadcast service may be DVBSI. In another concrete embodiment, the base PLP may include componentsincluded in a broadcast service transmitted through the transport frame.

The basePLPversion attribute may indicate version information about thechange of data transmitted through the base PLP. For example, whenservice signaling is changed in a case in which signaling information istransferred through base_PLP, the value of the base_PLP_version fieldmay increase by 1.

The serviceID attribute indicates an identifier that identifies abroadcast service.

The serviceCategory attribute indicates the category of a broadcastservice. Specifically, the serviceCategory attribute may indicate atleast one selected from among a TV service, a radio service, a broadcastservice guide, an RI service, and emergency alerting. For example, in acase in which the value of the serviceCategory attribute is 0x01, theserviceCategory attribute may indicate a TV service. In a case in whichthe value of the serviceCategory attribute is 0x02, the serviceCategoryattribute may indicate a radio service. In a case in which the value ofthe serviceCategory attribute is 0x03, the serviceCategory attribute mayindicate an RI service. In a case in which the value of theserviceCategory attribute is 0x08, the serviceCategory attribute mayindicate a service guide. In a case in which the value of theserviceCategory attribute is 0x09, the serviceCategory attribute mayindicate emergency alerting.

The serviceHidden attribute indicates whether a corresponding broadcastservice is a hidden service. In a case in which the broadcast service isa hidden service, the broadcast service is a test service or a specialservice. In a case in which the corresponding service is a hiddenservice, therefore, the broadcast reception apparatus 100 may not showthe corresponding service in a service guide or a service list. Inaddition, in a case in which the corresponding service is a hiddenservice, the broadcast reception apparatus 100 may prevent thecorresponding service from being selected by a channel up/down keyinput, but may allow the corresponding service to be selected by anumber key input.

The ServiceProtection attribute may indicate whether one or morecomponents of a corresponding broadcast service have beenservice-protected. For example, in a case in which the value of theServiceProtection attribute is 1, the ServiceProtection attribute mayindicate that one or more components of a corresponding broadcastservice have been service-protected.

The componentID attribute indicates an identifier that identifies acorresponding component in a broadcast service.

The PLPID attribute indicates an identifier that identifies a PLPthrough which a corresponding component is transmitted in a transportframe.

The broadcast transmission apparatus may transmit a fast informationtable in an XML form over the Internet as well as a broadcastingnetwork. Specifically, the broadcast reception apparatus 100 may requesta fast information table regarding a specific frequency, and may receivethe fast information table through the IP communication unit 130 overthe Internet. It takes a predetermined period of time for the broadcastreception apparatus 100 to tune to a specific frequency and to receive,interpret, and process a broadcast signal. In addition, in a case inwhich no broadcast signal is received, it may be difficult for thebroadcast reception apparatus 100 to scan a broadcast servicecorresponding to the specific frequency. In a case in which thebroadcast reception apparatus 100 receives the fast information tablethrough the IP communication unit 130 over the Internet, therefore, thebroadcast reception apparatus 100 may efficiently scan the broadcastservice. In addition, in a case in which the broadcast receptionapparatus 100 receives the fast information table through the IPcommunication unit 130 over the Internet, therefore, the broadcastreception apparatus 100 may rapidly scan the broadcast service. Inaddition, as previously described, the broadcast reception apparatus 100may receive the fast information table in the XML form over thebroadcasting network, which will be described in detail with referenceto FIG. 48.

FIG. 48 illustrates the syntax of a fast information table according toanother embodiment of the present invention.

The broadcast transmission apparatus may transmit a fast informationtable in an XML form in the form of a section, and the broadcastreception apparatus 100 may receive a fast information table in an XMLform in the form of a section.

The section including the fast information table may include at leastone selected from among a table_id field, a section_syntax_indicatorfield, a private_indicator field, a section_length field, atable_id_extension field, a table_id_extension field, anFIT_data_version field, a current_next_indicator field, a section_numberfield, a last_section_number field, and a fit_byte( ) field.

The table_id field indicates an identifier of the section including thefast information table. The table_id field may be 0xFA, which is one ofthe reserved id values defined by ATSC A/65. In a concrete embodiment,the table_id field may be an 8-bit field.

The section_syntax_indicator field indicates whether the fastinformation table is a long type private section table based on MPEG-2TS. In a concrete embodiment, the section_syntax_indicator field may bea 1-bit field.

The private_indicator field indicates whether the current tablecorresponds to a private section. In a concrete embodiment, theprivate_indicator field may be a 1-bit field.

The section_length field indicates the length of a section includedafter the section_length field. In a concrete embodiment, thesection_length field may be a 12-bit field.

The table_id_extension field may indicate an identifier that identifiesfast information. In a concrete embodiment, the table_id_extension fieldmay be a 16-bit field.

The FIT_data_version field indicates version information about thesyntax and semantics of the fast information table. The broadcastreception apparatus 100 may determine whether to process the fastinformation table using this field. For example, in a case in which thevalue of the FIT_data_version field indicates a version that thebroadcast reception apparatus 100 does not support, the broadcastreception apparatus 100 may not process the fast information table. In aconcrete embodiment, the FIT_data_version field may be a 5-bit field.

The current_next_indicator field indicates whether information in thefast information table is currently usable. Specifically, in a case inwhich the value of the current_next_indicator field is 1, thecurrent_next_indicator field may indicate that information in the fastinformation table is usable. In addition, in a case in which the valueof the current_next_indicator field is 1, the current_next_indicatorfield may indicate that the information in the fast information table isusable next. In a concrete embodiment, the current_next_indicator fieldmay be a 1-bit field.

The section_number field indicates the number of a current section. In aconcrete embodiment, the section_number field may be an 8-bit field.

The last_section_number field indicates the number of the last section.In a case in which the fast information table is large, the fastinformation table may be transmitted in a state of having been dividedinto a plurality of sections. In this case, the broadcast receptionapparatus 100 may determine whether to receive all sections necessaryfor the fast information table based on the section_number field and thelast_section_number field. In a concrete embodiment, thelast_section_number field may be an 8-bit field.

The fit_byte( ) field includes a fast information table in an XML form.In a concrete embodiment, the fit_byte( ) field may include a fastinformation table in compressed XML form.

In order for the broadcast reception apparatus 100 to reproduce abroadcast service, reference time information is needed. Specifically,in order to reproduce a broadcast service, the broadcast receptionapparatus 100 may synchronize the broadcast service with reference timeinformation. When reproducing the broadcast service, it takes thebroadcast reception apparatus 100 considerable time to tune thebroadcast receiving unit 110 to the broadcast service and to synchronizethe broadcast service. In addition, many consumers and broadcastproviders consider broadcast service scanning time and playback starttime after switching between broadcast services to be principalperformance indicators. Therefore, it is necessary to provide abroadcast transmission apparatus, an operation method of the broadcasttransmission apparatus, a broadcast reception apparatus 100, and anoperation method of the broadcast reception apparatus 100 that arecapable of reducing the time from broadcast service scanning to thestart of broadcast playback and reducing the time from switching betweenbroadcast services to the start of broadcast playback, which will bedescribed with reference to FIGS. 49 to 58.

In a case in which fast information includes reference time informationnecessary to reproduce a broadcast service, the broadcast receptionapparatus 100 may acquire the reference time information based on thefast information. In addition, the broadcast reception apparatus 100 mayreproduce the broadcast service based on the reference time information.Here, the reference time information may indicate the reference time fora broadcast service of a transport frame including fast information. Inparticular, the reference time information may indicate the referencetime for all broadcast services transmitted by a transport frameincluding fast information. In addition, the reference time informationmay indicate a reference time corresponding to start time of datatransmitted by a transport frame including fast information incontinuous data of a broadcast service. In addition, the reference timeinformation may include one selected from among Network Time Protocol(NTP) time, Global Positioning System (GPS) time, MPEG2-TS time, and aPrecision Time Protocol (PTP) timestamp. Specifically, the broadcastreception apparatus 100 may synchronize a plurality of media componentsincluded in a broadcast service based on the reference time information.At this time, the respective media components may be received overdifferent communication networks. Specifically, the broadcast receptionapparatus 100 may synchronize a first media component received over afirst communication network with a second media component received overa second communication network based on the reference time informationin order to reproduce a broadcast service. Here, the first communicationnetwork may be a broadcast network, and the second communication networkmay be the Internet. The data type of the fast information will bedescribed in detail with reference to FIG. 49.

FIG. 49 illustrates the syntax of a fast information chunk according toanother embodiment of the present invention.

The fast information chunk according to the embodiment of FIG. 49further includes a system_time field, unlike the fast information chunkaccording to the embodiment of FIG. 37. The system_time field indicatesreference time information. Specifically, the system_time field may bereference time information for all broadcast services transmitted in abroadcast frame. In addition, the system_time field may be referencetime information corresponding to a start time of data transmitted by atransport frame including a fast information chunk in the continuousdata of a broadcast service. In a concrete embodiment, the system_timefield may be a GPS time type, in which time elapsed since Jan. 6, 1980is calculated in terms of seconds. In addition, the system_time fieldmay be an NTP timestamp type. In a concrete example, the system_timefield may be a 32-bit or 64-bit field. Such fast information may have anXML form, which will be described with reference to FIG. 50.

FIG. 50 illustrates the syntax of a fast information table according toanother embodiment of the present invention.

The fast information table according to the embodiment of FIG. 50further includes a system_time attribute, unlike the fast informationtable according to the embodiment of FIG. 47. The system_time attributeindicates reference time information, like the system_time field of FIG.49. The detailed definition and characteristics of the system_timeattribute may be identical to those of the system_time field describedwith reference to FIG. 49. In a concrete embodiment, the fastinformation table may include a single system_time attribute, and thesystem_time attribute may be a string type.

In the embodiments of FIGS. 49 and 50, however, the broadcasttransmission.apparatus and the broadcast reception apparatus must alwaysuse the same type of reference time information. Therefore, it isnecessary to provide fast information that is capable of signaling areference time in various types, which will be described with referenceto FIGS. 51 and 52.

The fast information may further include reference time type informationindicating the time type of reference time information. Here, thereference time type information may be one selected from among GPS time,an NTP timestamp, MPEG2-TS time, and a Precision Time Protocol (PTP)timestamp. The type of the fast information chunk will be described indetail with reference to FIG. 51.

FIG. 51 illustrates the syntax of a fast information chunk according toanother embodiment of the present invention.

The fast information chunk according to the embodiment of FIG. 51further includes a system_time_format field, unlike the fast informationchunk according to the embodiment of FIG. 49. The system_time_formatfield indicates the time type of reference time that is indicated by thesystem_time field. In a concrete embodiment, in a case in which thevalue of the system_time_format field is 0x01, the system_time_formatfield may indicate GPS time. In a case in which the value of thesystem_time_format field is 0x02, the system_time_format field mayindicate an NTP timestamp. In a case in which the value of thesystem_time_format field is 0x03, the system_time_format field mayindicate MPEG2-TS time. In a case in which the value of thesystem_time_format field is 0x04, the system_time_format field mayindicate a PTP timestamp. In a concrete embodiment, thesystem_time_format field may be an 8-bit field. In addition, the fastinformation may be information in an XML form, which will be describedwith reference to FIG. 52.

FIG. 52 illustrates the syntax of a fast information table according toanother embodiment of the present invention

The fast information table according to the embodiment of FIG. 52further includes a system_time_format attribute, unlike the fastinformation table according to the embodiment of FIG. 50. Thesystem_time_format attribute indicates the time type of reference timethat is indicated by the system_time attribute, like thesystem_time_format field of FIG. 51. Values that the system_time_formatattribute can have may be the same as those of the system_time_formatfield of FIG. 51. In a concrete embodiment, the fast information tablemay include a single system_time_format attribute, and thesystem_time_format attribute may be a string type.

In the embodiments of FIGS. 48 to 52, however, a plurality of broadcastservices use the same reference time. Therefore, it is necessary toprovide fast information that enables a plurality of broadcast servicesto use different reference times, which will be described with referenceto FIGS. 53 to 56.

The fast information may include reference time information for eachbroadcast service. Specifically, the fast information may include aplurality of pieces of reference time information for a plurality ofbroadcast services transmitted in a transport frame. Here, the referencetime information may indicate reference time corresponding to start timeof data transmitted by a transport frame including fast information incontinuous data of a corresponding broadcast service. In addition, thefast information may include reference time type information indicatingthe time type of each piece of reference time information. Here, thereference time type information may indicate one selected from among GPStime, an NTP timestamp, an MPEG2-TS clock, and a PTP timestamp. The typeof the fast information will be described in detail with reference toFIGS. 53 and 54.

FIG. 53 illustrates the syntax of a fast information chunk according toa further embodiment of the present invention.

The fast information chunk according to the embodiment of FIG. 53further includes a reference_clock_format field and a reference_clockfield, unlike the fast information chunk according to the embodiment ofFIG. 37. The reference_clock field indicates a plurality of pieces ofreference time information corresponding to a plurality of broadcastservices that is transmitted in a transport frame including a fastinformation chunk. In a concrete embodiment, the reference_clock fieldmay be a 16-bit field. The reference_clock_format field indicates thetime type of each piece of reference time information. Thereference_clock_format field may indicate one selected from among GPStime, an NTP timestamp, an MPEG2-TS clock, and a PTP timestamp. In aconcrete embodiment, in a case in which the value of thereference_clock_format field is 0x00, the reference_clock_format fieldmay indicate GPS time. In a case in which the value of thereference_clock_format field is 0x01, the reference_clock_format fieldmay indicate an NTP timestamp. In a case in which the value of thereference_clock_format field is 0x02, the reference_clock_format fieldmay indicate an MPEG2-TS clock. In a case in which the value of thereference_clock_format field is 0x03, the reference_clock_format fieldmay indicate a PTP timestamp. In a concrete embodiment, thereference_clock_format field may be a 32-bit field or a 64-bit field.The fast information chunk may have an XML form, which will be describedwith reference to FIG. 54.

FIG. 54 illustrates the syntax of a fast information table according toanother embodiment of the present invention.

The fast information table according to the embodiment of FIG. 54further includes a referenceClockFormat attribute and a refrenceClockattribute, unlike the fast information table according to the embodimentof FIG. 47. The refrenceClock attribute indicates a plurality of piecesof reference time information corresponding to a plurality of broadcastservices transmitted in a transport frame including a fast informationchunk, like the reference_clock field of FIG. 53. The detaileddefinition and characteristics of the referenceClock attribute may beidentical to those of the reference_clock field described with referenceto FIG. 53. In a concrete embodiment, the fast information may includethe refrenceClock attribute in every broadcast service, and therefrenceClock attribute may be a string type. The referenceClockFormatattribute indicates the time type of each piece of reference timeinformation, like the reference_clock_format field of FIG. 53. Thedetailed definition and characteristics of the referenceClockFormatattribute may be identical to those of the reference_clock_format fielddescribed with reference to FIG. 53. In a concrete embodiment, the fastinformation may include the referenceClock attribute in every broadcastservice, and the referenceClockFormat may be a string type.

As previously described, the fast information may be indicated in theform of a table section. At this time, the fast information may beencapsulated into an MPEG2-TS or an IP datagram. In addition, thebroadcast reception apparatus 100 may receive the fast information tablefrom the common PLP part or the additional PLP through the controller150. Here, the fast information table may include reference timeinformation. The reference time information may indicate reference timecorresponding to start time of data transmitted by a transport frameincluding fast information in continuous data of a correspondingbroadcast service. In addition, the fast information may include timetype information indicating the time type of reference time information.Here, the reference time type information may indicate one selected fromamong GPS time, an NTP timestamp, an MPEG2-TS clock, and a PTPtimestamp. The type of the fast information table will be described indetail with reference to FIG. 55.

FIG. 55 illustrates the syntax of a fast information table according toanother embodiment of the present invention.

The fast information table according to the embodiment of FIG. 55further includes a system_time_format field and a system_time field,unlike the fast information table according to the embodiment of FIG.45. The system_time field indicates reference time information of abroadcast service. Definition and characteristics of the system_timefield may be identical to those of the system_time field described withreference to FIG. 49. In a concrete embodiment, the system_time fieldmay be an 8-bit field. The system_time_format field indicates referencetime type information indicating the time type of reference timeinformation that is indicated by the system_time field. Definition andcharacteristics of the system_time_format field may be identical tothose of the system_time_format field described with reference to FIG.51. In a concrete embodiment, the system_time_format field may be a32-bit field or a 64-bit field.

In addition, the fast information table may include a plurality ofpieces of reference time information for a plurality of broadcastservices transmitted in a transport frame including fast information.Here, the reference time information may indicate reference timecorresponding to the start time of data transmitted in a transport frameincluding fast information in continuous data of a correspondingbroadcast service. In addition, the fast information may includereference time type information indicating the time type of each pieceof reference time information. Here, the reference time type informationmay indicate one selected from among GPS time, an NTP timestamp, anMPEG2-TS clock, and a PTP timestamp. The type of the fast informationtable will be described in detail with reference to FIG. 56.

FIG. 56 illustrates the syntax of a fast information table according toa further embodiment of the present invention.

The fast information table according to the embodiment of FIG. 56further includes a reference_clock_format field and a reference_clockfield, unlike the fast information table according to the embodiment ofFIG. 45. The reference_clock field indicates reference time informationof a corresponding broadcast service. Specifically, the definition andcharacteristics of the reference_clock field may be identical to thoseof the reference_clock field described with reference to FIG. 53. In aconcrete embodiment, the reference_clock field may be a 16-bit field.The reference_clock_format field indicates the time type of thereference time information that is indicated by the reference_clockfield. Definition and characteristics of the reference_clock_formatfield may be identical to those of the reference_clock_format fielddescribed with reference to FIG. 53. In a concrete embodiment, in a casein which the value of the reference_clock_format field is 0x00, thereference_clock_format field may indicate GPS time. In a case in whichthe value of the reference_clock_format field is 0x01, thereference_clock_format field may indicate an NTP timestamp. In a case inwhich the value of the reference_clock_format field is 0x02, thereference_clock_format field may indicate an MPEG2-TS clock. In a casein which the value of the reference_clock_format field is 0x03, thereference_clock_format field may indicate a PTP timestamp. In a concreteembodiment, the reference_clock_format field may be a 32-bit field or a64-bit field. The operations of the broadcast transmission apparatus andthe broadcast reception apparatus 100 will be described in detail withreference to FIGS. 57 and 58.

FIG. 57 is a view illustrating the configuration ofFast_Information_Chunk( ) according to another embodiment of the presentinvention in a case in which all components constituting a broadcastservice are transmitted through the same Physical Layer Pipe.

A fast information chunk according to an embodiment of the presentinvention may be referred to as a fast information table and/or aservice list table. A fast information chunk according to an embodimentof the present invention may be transmitted in a state of having beendivided into one or more sections. A fast information chunk according toan embodiment of the present invention may be expressed using a binaryor XML format.

A fast information chunk according to an embodiment of the presentinvention may support rapid channel scanning and service acquisition. Asshown in this figure, the fast information chunk may include informationabout each broadcast service.

A fast information chunk according to an embodiment of the presentinvention may include information that is required in order to show aviewer a service list. Furthermore, a fast information chunk accordingto an embodiment of the present invention may enable a viewer to selectthe first service by selecting a channel number or a channel up/downkey.

In an embodiment of the present invention, in a case in which allcomponents constituting a broadcast service are transmitted through thesame path, it is possible to add information related to each broadcastservice and/or information about a PLP, through which the correspondingservice is transmitted, in Fast_Information_Chunk( ). Consequently, itis not necessary for a receiver according to an embodiment of thepresent invention to acquire information about a broadcast serviceand/or the number of components constituting the corresponding broadcastservice and/or a PLP related to the corresponding components. Inaddition, it is not necessary to acquire or process service signalinginformation, such as PSI/SI, obtained through base_PLP_id. In addition,it is not necessary to repeatedly provide information about thetransmission of each component in Fast_Information_Chunk.

Fast_Information_Chunk according to an embodiment of the presentinvention may include an FIT_data_version field, a num_broadcast field,a broadcast_id field, a delivery_system_id field, a base_PLP_id field, abase_PLP_version field, a num_service field, a service_id field, aservice_category field, a service_hidden_flag field, an SP_indicatorfield, and/or a PLP_id field.

The FIT_data_version field indicates information about the version ofcorresponding Fast_Information_Chunk. That is, in a case in whichinformation included in the corresponding Fast_Information_Chunk ischanged, the value of this field may be changed.

The num_broadcast field indicates the number of broadcasting stationsthat transmit a broadcast service and/or content.

The broadcast_id field identifies a broadcasting station. For abroadcasting station that transmits data based on MPEG-2 TS, this fieldmay have the same value as the transport_stream_id field. This field mayinclude an IP address of a broadcasting station that transmits abroadcast service and/or content.

The delivery_system_id field may identify a delivery system thatdelivers broadcast service and/or content. This field may identify abroadcast delivery system that is capable of applying and processing thesame transmission parameter over a corresponding broadcast network. Inan embodiment of the present invention, this field may indicate that thebroadcast service and/or content is transmitted over a broadcast networkand/or an IP network.

The base_PLP_id field may identify a Physical Layer Pipe (PLP), throughwhich service signaling information (PSI/SI information, etc.) of thebroadcasting station identified by the broadcast_id field istransmitted. In addition, this field may identify a representative PLP,through which signaling information for decoding components constitutinga broadcast service in the corresponding broadcasting station istransmitted. Here, the service signaling information may include servicelayer signaling information.

The base_PLP_version field may indicate version information of base_PLP.That is, this field may indicate the change of information in base_PLPidentified by the base_PLP_id field. This field may indicate the changeof service layer signaling information that is transmitted in a state ofbeing included in base_PLP. For example, this field may indicate thechange of protocol of the service layer signaling information.

The num_service field indicates the number of broadcast services that istransmitted by the broadcasting station identified by the broadcast_idfield. That is, this field indicates the number of broadcast servicesdescribed in Fast_Information_Chunk.

The service_id field may identify a broadcast service.

The service_category field may indicate the category of a service. In anembodiment of the present invention, the category indicated by thisfield may include s Basic TV, a Basic Radio, an RI service, a ServiceGuide, and Emergency Alerting. Here, the Basic TV may include linear A/Vservice, the Basic Radio may include linear audio only service, and theRI service may include app-based service.

The service_hidden_flag field may indicate whether a correspondingservice is a hidden service. In a case in which the service is a hiddenservice, this service is a test service or a service that is useditself. Consequently, the receiver according to the embodiment of thepresent invention may ignore this service, or may not display thisservice on a service list.

The SP_indicator field may indicate whether a corresponding service orone or more components in the corresponding service areservice-protected.

The PLP_id field may identify a PLP, through which all componentsconstituting a broadcast service are transmitted, in a case in which allof the components constituting the corresponding service are transmittedthrough the same PLP.

FIG. 58 is a view illustrating the configuration ofFast_Information_Chunk( ) according to another embodiment of the presentinvention in a case in which all components constituting a broadcastservice are transmitted through the same Physical Layer Pipe.

In an embodiment of the present invention, Fast_Information_Chunk( ) maybe shown in the form of a signaling table section. According to anembodiment of the present invention, Fast_Information_Chunk( ) dividedinto one or more sections may be encapsulated into an MPEG-2 TS and/orIP datagram. According to an embodiment of the present invention,Fast_Information_Chunk( ) may be transmitted through a fast informationchannel, which is an additional channel for rapid and easy servicescanning and acquisition. Alternatively, Fast_Information_Chunk( ) maybe transmitted through a common PLP or an additional PLP.

One section constituting Fast_Information_Chunk( ) according to anembodiment of the present invention may further include a table_idfield, a section_syntax_indicator field, a private_indicator field, asection_length field, a table_id_extension field, acurrent_next_indicator field, a section_number field, and/or alast_section_number field in addition to the fields included inFast_Information_Chunk( ) that were described with reference to thepreceding figure.

The table_id field may indicate that this table isFast_Information_table.

The section_syntax_indicator field must have a value of 1. In a case inwhich the value of the section_syntax_indicator field is 0, a receiveraccording to an embodiment of the present invention determines that anerror has occurred.

The private_indicator field may indicate whether a corresponding sectionis private.

The section_length field indicates the length of a correspondingsection.

The table_id_extension field indicates the extension type of thetable_id field.

The current_next_indicator field indicates whether a corresponding tableis valid.

The section_number field indicates the number of a correspondingsection.

The last_section_number field indicates the number of the last of thesections constituting a corresponding table.

FIG. 59 is a view illustrating the configuration ofFast_Information_Chunk( ) according to another embodiment of the presentinvention.

An embodiment of the present invention may be signaled as one table forboth a case in which all components constituting a broadcast service aretransmitted through the same Physical Layer Pipe and a case in which allcomponents constituting a broadcast service are transmitted throughdifferent Physical Layer Pipes

Fast_Information_Chunk( ) according to an embodiment of the presentinvention may include an FIT_data_version field, a num_broadcast field,a broadcast_id field, a delivery_system_id field, a base_PLP_id field, abase_PLP_version field, a num_service field, a service_id field, aservice_category field, a service_hidden_flag field, an SP_indicatorfield, a DP_delivery_type field, a DP_ID field, a num_component field, acomponent_id_length field, and/or a component_id field.

The DP_delivery_type field indicates the type of a Data Pipe (DP)through which a corresponding service is transmitted. Here, “Data Pipe”may have the same meaning as “Physical Layer Pipe” (PLP). For example,in a case in which the value of this field is 0x01 (or “service”), thisindicates that all components constituting a corresponding service aretransmitted through a single DP. In a case in which the value of thisfield is 0x02 (or “component”), this indicates that all componentsconstituting a corresponding service are transmitted through differentDPs.

The DP_ID field may identify a DP, through which a corresponding serviceor component is transmitted. According to an embodiment of the presentinvention, in a case in which that all components constituting acorresponding service are transmitted through a single DP, one DP_IDfield may exist in a single service. On the other hand, in a case inwhich that the respective components are transmitted through differentDPs, a plurality of DP_ID fields may exist in one component.

The num_component field indicates the number of components constitutinga single service.

The component_id_length field indicates the length of the component_idfield.

The component_id field may identify components constituting acorresponding service. For example, this field may be used todistinguish between the respective components in MPD of MPEG DASH.According to an embodiment of the present invention, this field mayinclude an MPD@id field, a Period@id field, an AdaptationSet@id field,and/or a Representation@id field.

The FIT_data_version field, the num_broadcast field, the broadcast_idfield, the delivery_system_id field, the base_PLP_id field, thebase_PLP_version field, the num_service field, the service_id field, theservice_category field, the service_hidden_flag field, and theSP_indicator field have been described in detail with reference to thefigure before the preceding figure.

FIG. 60 is a view illustrating the configuration ofFast_Information_Chunk( ) according to another embodiment of the presentinvention.

In an embodiment of the present invention, Fast_Information_Chunk( ) maybe shown in the form of a signaling table section. According to anembodiment of the present invention, Fast_Information_Chunk( ) dividedinto one or more sections may be encapsulated into an MPEG-2 TS and/orIP datagram. According to an embodiment of the present invention,Fast_Information_Chunk( ) may be transmitted through a fast informationchannel, which is an additional channel for rapid and easy servicescanning and acquisition. Alternatively, Fast_Information_Chunk( ) maybe transmitted through a common PLP or an additional PLP.

One section constituting Fast_Information_Chunk( ) according to anembodiment of the present invention may further include a table_idfield, a section_syntax_indicator field, a private_indicator field, asection_length field, a table_id_extension field, acurrent_next_indicator field, a section_number field, and/or alast_section_number field in addition to the fields included inFast_Information_Chunk( ) that were described with reference to thepreceding figure.

The table_id field may indicate that this table isFast_Information_table.

The section_syntax_indicator field must have a value of 1. In a case inwhich the value of the section_syntax_indicator field is 0, a receiveraccording to an embodiment of the present invention determines that anerror has occurred.

The private_indicator field may indicate whether a corresponding sectionis private.

The section_length field indicates the length of a correspondingsection.

The table_id_extension field indicates the extension type of the tableid field.

The current_next_indicator field indicates whether a corresponding tableis valid.

The section_number field indicates the number of a correspondingsection.

The last_section_number field indicates the number of the last one ofthe sections constituting a corresponding table.

FIG. 61 is a view illustrating a process of acquiring informationincluded in Fast_Information_Chunk( ) according to an embodiment of thepresent invention.

A receiver according to an embodiment of the present invention mayreceive Link Layer Signaling (SL61010). At this time,Fast_Information_Chunk( ) according to an embodiment of the presentinvention may be transmitted in a state of being included in Link LayerSignaling and/or Service Layer Signaling. Alternatively,Fast_Information_Chunk( ) according to an embodiment of the presentinvention may be transmitted through a separate channel.

The receiver according to the embodiment of the present invention mayparse Fast_Information_Chunk( ) included in Link Layer Signaling, andmay check the value of an FIC_data_version field inFast_Information_Chunk( ) (SL16020). Here, the FIC_data_version fieldmay have the same meaning as the FIT_data_version field.

In a case in which the version information is determined not to havechanged as the result of checking the value of the FIC_data_versionfield, the receiver according to the embodiment of the present inventionmay not parse Fast_Information_Chunk( ) any further (SL61030). In a casein which the version information has changed, however, the receiveraccording to the embodiment of the present invention may acquire abase_DP_ID field and/or a base_DP_version field inFast_Information_Chunk( ) and may check the value of the acquired field(SL61040).

In a case in which the value of the acquired base_DP_version field hasnot changed, the receiver according to the embodiment of the presentinvention may not parse Fast_Information_Chunk( ) any further (SL61050and SL61030). In a case in which the value of the base_DP_version fieldhas been changed, on the other hand, the receiver according to theembodiment of the present invention may acquire service information froma service loop in Fast_Information_Chunk( ) (SL61050 and SL61060).

In a case in which the value of the DP_delivery_type field indicatesthat all components constituting a service are transmitted through asingle DP as the result of checking the value of this field, thereceiver according to the embodiment of the present invention mayacquire DP_ID of the service (SL61070 and SL61080). In a case in whichthe value of this field indicates that all components constituting aservice are transmitted through different DPs, on the other hand, thereceiver according to the embodiment of the present invention mayacquire an DP_ID per component (SL61070 and SL61090).

FIG. 62 is a view illustrating a broadcast signal transmission methodaccording to an embodiment of the present invention.

The broadcast signal transmission method according to the embodiment ofthe present invention may include a step of encoding broadcast data andfast information for rapid scanning and acquisition of a broadcastservice (SL62010), a step of generating a broadcast signal including theencoded broadcast data and fast information (SL62020), and/or a step oftransmitting the generated broadcast signal (SL62030). Here, “fastinformation” may have the meaning of information included in the FastInformation Chunk, Fast Information Table, and/or the Service ListTable.

According to another embodiment of the present invention, the fastinformation may include identification information of a Physical LayerPipe (PLP), through which service layer signaling information includinginformation about a broadcast service and components is transmitted.Here, the service layer signaling information may include signalinginformation about a broadcast service and/or signaling information aboutcomponents constituting a broadcast service. The physical layer pipe,through which the service layer signaling information is transmitted,may be a base PLP, a common PLP, etc. Identification information of thephysical layer pipe, through which the service layer signalinginformation is transmitted, may be a base_PLP_id field, which wasdescribed with reference to FIG. 57.

According to another embodiment of the present invention, the fastinformation may include information indicating whether all componentsconstituting a broadcast service are transmitted in a state of beingincluded in a single physical layer pipe. Here, the informationindicating whether all components constituting the broadcast service aretransmitted in a state of being included in a single physical layer pipemay be a DP_delivery_type field, which was described with reference toFIG. 59.

According to another embodiment of the present invention, in a case inwhich all components constituting a broadcast service are transmitted ina state of being included in a single physical layer pipe, the fastinformation may include identification information of the physical layerpipe, through which the broadcast service is transmitted. In a case inwhich all components constituting a broadcast service are transmitted ina state of being included in different physical layer pipes, the fastinformation may include identification information of the respectivephysical layer pipes, through which the components constituting thebroadcast service are transmitted. Here, the identification informationof the physical layer pipe may be a DP_ID field and/or a PLP_ID field.According to an embodiment of the present invention, in a case in whichDP_ID is included in a service level in the fast information, this mayidentify a PLP, through which a broadcast service is transmitted, and,in a case in which DP_ID is included in a component level in the fastinformation, this may identify a PLP, through which componentsconstituting a broadcast service are transmitted, which were describedwith reference to FIG. 59.

According to another embodiment of the present invention, in a case inwhich components constituting a broadcast service are transmitted in astate of being included in different physical layer pipes, the fastinformation may include component identification information, whichidentifies the respective components constituting the broadcast service,and/or length information of the component identification information.Here, the component identification information may be a component_idfield, and the length information of the component identificationinformation may be a component_id_length field, which were describedwith reference to FIG. 59.

According to another embodiment of the present invention, the fastinformation may be transmitted in a state of being included in a commonPLP, through which information shared by a plurality of physical layerpipes is transmitted, which was described with reference to FIG. 32.

FIG. 63 is a view illustrating a broadcast signal reception methodaccording to an embodiment of the present invention.

The broadcast signal reception method according to the embodiment of thepresent invention may include a step of receiving a broadcast signalincluding broadcast data and fast information for rapid scanning andacquisition of a broadcast service (SL63010), a step of parsing thebroadcast data and fast information from the received broadcast signal(SL63020), and/or a step of decoding the parsed broadcast data and fastinformation (SL63030). Here, “fast information” may have the meaning ofinformation included in the Fast Information Chunk, the Fast InformationTable, and/or the Service List Table.

According to another embodiment of the present invention, the fastinformation may include identification information of a Physical LayerPipe (PLP), through which service layer signaling information includinginformation about a broadcast service and components is transmitted.Here, the service layer signaling information may include signalinginformation about a broadcast service and/or signaling information aboutcomponents constituting a broadcast service. The physical layer pipe,through which the service layer signaling information is transmitted,may be a base PLP, a common PLP, etc. Identification information of thephysical layer pipe, through which the service layer signalinginformation is transmitted, may be a base_PLP_id field, which wasdescribed with reference to FIG. 57.

According to another embodiment of the present invention, the fastinformation may include information indicating whether all componentsconstituting a broadcast service are transmitted in a state of beingincluded in a single physical layer pipe. Here, the informationindicating whether all components constituting the broadcast service aretransmitted in a state of being included in a single physical layer pipemay be a DP_delivery_type field, which was described with reference toFIG. 59.

According to another embodiment of the present invention, in a case inwhich all components constituting a broadcast service are transmitted ina state of being included in a single physical layer pipe, the fastinformation may include identification information of the physical layerpipe, through which the broadcast service is transmitted. In a case inwhich all components constituting a broadcast service are transmitted ina state of being included in different physical layer pipes, the fastinformation may include identification information of the respectivephysical layer pipes, through which the components constituting thebroadcast service are transmitted. Here, the identification informationof the physical layer pipe may be a DP_ID field and/or a PLP_ID field.According to an embodiment of the present invention, in a case in whichDP_ID is included in a service level in the fast information, this mayidentify a PLP, through which a broadcast service is transmitted, and,in a case in which DP_ID is included in a component level in the fastinformation, this may identify a PLP, through which componentsconstituting a broadcast service are transmitted, which were describedwith reference to FIG. 59.

According to another embodiment of the present invention, in a case inwhich components constituting a broadcast service are transmitted in astate of being included in different physical layer pipes, the fastinformation may include component identification information, whichidentifies the respective components constituting the broadcast service,and/or length information of the component identification information.Here, the component identification information may be a component_idfield, and the length information of the component identificationinformation may be a component_id_length field, which were describedwith reference to FIG. 59.

According to another embodiment of the present invention, the fastinformation may be transmitted in a state of being included in a commonPLP, through which information shared by a plurality of physical layerpipes is transmitted, which was described with reference to FIG. 32.

FIG. 64 is a view illustrating the configuration of a broadcast signaltransmission apparatus according to an embodiment of the presentinvention.

A broadcast signal transmission apparatus L64010 according to anembodiment of the present invention may include an encoder L64020, abroadcast signal generation unit L64030, and/or a transmission unitL64040.

The encoder L64020 may encode broadcast data and fast information forrapid scanning and acquisition of a broadcast service.

The broadcast signal generation unit L64030 may generate a broadcastsignal including the encoded broadcast data and fast information.

The transmission unit L64040 may transmit the generated broadcastsignal.

FIG. 65 is a view illustrating the configuration of a broadcast signalreception apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.

A broadcast signal reception apparatus L65010 according to an embodimentof the present invention may include a reception unit L65020, a parsingunit L65030, and/or a decoder L65040.

The reception unit may receive a broadcast signal including broadcastdata and fast information for rapid scanning and acquisition of abroadcast service.

The parsing unit may parse the broadcast data and fast information fromthe received broadcast signal.

The decoder may decode the parsed broadcast data and fast information.

According to another embodiment of the present invention, the fastinformation may include identification information of a Physical LayerPipe (PLP), through which service layer signaling information includinginformation about a broadcast service and components is transmitted.

FIG. 66 illustrates signaling for single-memory deinterleavingirrespective of the number of symbols in a frame according to anembodiment of the present invention.

As described above, the frequency interleaver according to the presentinvention performs interleaving using different interleaving sequencesin a plurality of OFDM symbols, but the frequency deinterleaver mayperform single-memory deinterleaving on the received OFDM symbols.

The present invention proposes a method for performing single-memorydeinterleaving by the frequency deinterleaver irrespective of whetherthe number of OFDM symbols in one frame is an even number or an oddnumber. To this end, the above-described architecture of the frequencyinterleaver may operate differently depending on whether the number ofOFDM symbols is an even number or an odd number. Furthermore, signalinginformation related thereto may be additionally defined in theabove-described preamble and/or the physical layer signal (PLS). Assuch, single-memory deinterleaving is not limited to a case in which thenumber of OFDM symbols is an even number, and may always be enabled.

Here, the PLS may be transmitted in a frame starting symbol (FSS) ofevery frame. Alternatively, according to another embodiment, the PLS maybe transmitted in the first OFDM symbol. Otherwise, based on whether thePLS is present, signaling information corresponding to the PLS may becompletely transmitted in the preamble. Or, signaling informationcorresponding to the preamble and/or the PLS may be transmitted inbootstrap information. The bootstrap information may be an informationpart located in front of the preamble.

Information about, for example, a processing operation used by thefrequency interleaver of the transmitter may include an FI_mode fieldand an N_sym field.

The FI_mode field may be a 1-bit field which can be located in thepreamble. The FI_mode field may indicate an interleaving scheme used inthe FSS or the first OFDM symbol of every frame.

The interleaving scheme indicated as the FI_mode field may include FIscheme #1 and FI scheme #2.

FI scheme #1 can indicate that the frequency interleaver of thetransmitter performs random writing operation and then linear readingoperation on the FSS. This case may correspond to a case in which theFI_mode field value is 0. The random writing or linear reading operationmay be performed in or from memory using a value generated by anarbitrary random sequence generator using, for example, a pseudo-randombinary sequence (PRBS). Here, linear reading may refer to sequentiallyreading operation.

FI scheme #2 can indicate that the transmitter performs linear writingoperation and then random reading operation on the FSS. This case maycorrespond to a case in which the FI_mode field value is 1. Likewise,the linear writing or random reading operation may be performed in orfrom memory using a value generated by an arbitrary random sequencegenerator using, for example, PRBS. Here, linear writing may refer to asequentially writing operation.

In addition, the FI_mode field may indicate an interleaving scheme usedin a frame edge symbol (FES) or the last OFDM symbol of every frame. Theinterleaving scheme applied to the FES may be indicated differently fromthe value of the N_sym field transmitted by the PLS. That is, theinterleaving scheme indicated as the FI_mode field may differ dependingon whether the number of OFDM symbols is an odd number or an evennumber. Mapping information between the two fields may be predefined asa table by the transmitter and the receiver.

The FI_mode field may be defined and transmitted in a part of the frameother than the preamble according to another embodiment.

The N_sym field may be a field which can be located in the PLS part. Thenumber of bits of the N_sym field is variable according to embodiments.The N_sym field may indicate number of OFDM symbols included in oneframe. As such, the receiver can acquire information about whether thenumber of OFDM symbols is an even number or an odd number.

Operation of the frequency deinterleaver corresponding to the frequencyinterleaver irrespective of the number of OFDM symbols in one frame isas described below. This frequency deinterleaver may performsingle-memory deinterleaving by utilizing the proposed signaling fieldsirrespective of whether the number of OFDM symbols is an even number oran odd number.

Initially, the frequency deinterleaver may perform frequencydeinterleaving on the FSS using information of the FI_mode field of thepreamble because the frequency interleaving scheme used in the FSS isindicated as the FI_mode.

The frequency deinterleaver may perform frequency deinterleaving on theFES using signaling information of the FI_mode field and signalinginformation of the N_sym field of the PLS. In this case, the mappinginformation between the two fields may be acquired using the predefinedtable. A description of the predefined table will be given below.

Overall deinterleaving operation on the other symbols may be performedinversely from the interleaving operation of the transmitter. That is,on a pair of contiguously input OFDM symbols, the frequencydeinterleaver may perform deinterleaving using one interleavingsequence. Here, the interleaving sequence may be an interleavingsequence used by the frequency interleaver for reading & writing. Thefrequency deinterleaver may perform reading & writing operationinversely using the interleaving sequence.

However, the frequency deinterleaver according to the present inventionmay not use a ping pong architecture using double memories. Thefrequency deinterleaver may perform deinterleaving on contiguously inputOFDM symbols using a single memory. As such, the efficiency of usingmemory by the frequency deinterleaver may be increased.

FIG. 67 illustrates FI schemes of FSS in signaling for single-memorydeinterleaving irrespective of the number of symbols in a frameaccording to an embodiment of the present invention.

An interleaving scheme applied to frequency interleaving operation maybe determined using the above-described FI_mode field and the N_symfield.

In the case of FSS, when the number of OFDM symbols indicated as theN_sym field is an even number, FI scheme #1 may be performed on the FSSirrespective of the FI_mode field value.

When the number of OFDM symbols indicated as the N_sym field is an oddnumber, FI scheme #1 may be applied to the FSS if the FI_mode field hasa value of 0, and FI scheme #2 may be applied to the FSS if the FI_modefield has a value of 1. That is, when the number of OFDM symbols is anodd number, FI schemes #1 and #2 may be alternately applied to the FSSsymbols for frequency interleaving.

FIG. 68 illustrates operation of a reset mode in signaling forsingle-memory deinterleaving irrespective of the number of symbols in aframe according to an embodiment of the present invention.

For frequency interleaving on FES, the above-described symbol offsetgenerator may adopt a reset mode as a new concept. The reset mode mayrefer to a mode in which a symbol offset value generated by the symboloffset generator is ‘0’.

For frequency interleaving on FES, whether to use the reset mode may bedetermined using the above-described FI_mode field and the N_sym field.

When the number of OFDM symbols indicated as the N_sym field is an evennumber, the reset mode of the symbol offset generator may not operate(off) irrespective of the value of the FI_mode field.

When the number of OFDM symbols indicated as the N_sym field is an oddnumber, if the value of the FI_mode field is 0, the symbol offsetgenerator may operate in the reset mode (on). Otherwise, if the value ofthe FI_mode field is 1, the reset mode of the symbol offset generatormay not operate (off). That is, when the number of OFDM symbols is anodd number, the reset mode may be alternately turned on and off forfrequency interleaving.

FIG. 69 illustrates equations indicating input and output of thefrequency interleaver in signaling for single-memory deinterleavingirrespective of the number of symbols in a frame according to anembodiment of the present invention.

As described above, OFDM symbol pairs of memory bank-A and memory bank-Bmay be processed through the above-described interleaving operation. Asdescribed above, for interleaving, a variety of different interleavingseeds generated by cyclically shifting one main interleaving seed may beused. Here, the interleaving seed may also be called an interleavingsequence. Alternatively, the interleaving seed may also be called aninterleaving address value, an address value, or an interleavingaddress. Here, the term “interleaving address value(s)” can be used forreferring plural address values, or for referring a interleaving seedwhich is a singular. That is, depending on embodiments, interleavingaddress value(s) can mean H(p) itself, or each addresses belong to H(p).

Input of frequency interleaving to be interleaved within one OFDM symbolmay be indicated as Om,1 (t50010). Here, data cells may be indicated asxm,1,0, . . . xm,1,Ndata−1. Meanwhile, p may indicate a cell index, 1may indicate an OFDM symbol index, and m may indicate a frame index.That is, xm,1,p may indicate a p-th data cell of an 1-th OFDM symbol ofan m-th frame. Ndata may indicate the number of data cells. Nsym mayindicate the number of symbols (frame signaling symbols, normal datasymbols, or frame edge symbols).

Data cells which are interleaved based on the above-described operationmay be indicated as Pm,1 (t50020). The interleaved data cells may beindicated as vm,1,0, . . . vm,1,Ndata−1. Meanwhile, p, 1, and m may havethe above-described index values.

FIG. 70 illustrates equations of a logical operation mechanism offrequency interleaving based on FI scheme #1 and FI scheme #2 insignaling for single-memory deinterleaving irrespective of the number ofsymbols in a frame according to an embodiment of the present invention.

A description is now given of frequency interleaving based on FI scheme#1. As described above, frequency interleaving may be performed using aninterleaving sequence (interleaving address) of each memory bank.

Interleaving operation on an even symbol (j mod 2=0) may bemathematically expressed as given by equation t51010. On input data x,frequency interleaving may be performed using the interleaving sequence(interleaving address) to acquire output v. Here, p-th input data x maybe permuted to be identical to H(p)-th output data v.

That is, on an even symbol (the first symbol), random writing operationmay be performed using the interleaving sequence, and then linearreading operation for sequentially reading data may be performed. Here,the interleaving sequence (interleaving address) may be a valuegenerated by an arbitrary random sequence generator using, for example,PRBS.

Interleaving operation on an odd symbol (j mod 2=1) may bemathematically expressed as given by equation t51020. On input data x,frequency interleaving may be performed using the interleaving sequence(interleaving address) to acquire output v. Here, H(p)-th input data xmay be permuted to be identical to p-th output data v. That is, comparedto the interleaving process performed on the even symbol, theinterleaving sequence (interleaving address) may be applied inversely.

That is, on an odd symbol (the second symbol), a linear writingoperation for sequentially writing data in memory may be performed, andthen random reading operation for randomly reading the data using theinterleaving sequence may be performed. Likewise, the interleavingsequence (interleaving address) may be a value generated by an arbitraryrandom sequence generator using, for example, PRBS.

A description is now given of frequency interleaving based on FI scheme#2.

In the case of frequency interleaving based on FI scheme #2, operationon an even/odd symbol may be performed inversely from the operationbased on FI scheme #1.

That is, on the even symbol, linear writing operation may be performedand then random reading operation may be performed as given by equationt51020. In addition, on the odd symbol, random writing operation may beperformed and then linear reading operation may be performed as given byequation t51010. A detailed description thereof is the same as thatgiven above in relation to FI scheme #1.

The symbol index 1 may be indicated as 0, 1, . . . , Nsym−1, and thecell index p may be indicated as 0, 1, . . . , Ndata−1. According toanother embodiment, the frequency interleaving scheme on an even symboland the frequency interleaving scheme on an odd symbol may be switched.In addition, according to another embodiment, the frequency interleavingscheme based on FI scheme #1 and the frequency interleaving scheme basedon FI scheme #2 may be switched.

FIG. 71 illustrates an example in which the number of symbols is an evennumber in signaling for single-memory deinterleaving irrespective of thenumber of symbols in a frame according to an embodiment of the presentinvention.

In the current embodiment, the N_sym field may indicate that the numberof OFDM symbols in one frame is an even number. The current embodimentassumes that one frame includes one preamble and eight OFDM symbols.According to another embodiment, bootstrap information may be furtherincluded in front of the preamble. The bootstrap information is notillustrated.

In the current embodiment, one frame may include one FSS and one FES.Here, it is assumed that the FSS and the FES have the same length. Inaddition, since information of the N_sym field is transmitted in the PLSpart, the frequency deinterleaver may acquire the correspondinginformation after decoding the FSS. Furthermore, the current embodimentassumes that the N_sym field is completely decoded before operation onthe FES is performed.

In the FSS of each frame, the value of the symbol offset generator maybe reset to 0. Accordingly, the first and second symbols may beprocessed using the same interleaving sequence. In addition, sequence #0may be used for operation whenever each frame starts. After that,sequences #1 and #2 may be sequentially used for operation of thefrequency interleaver/deinterleaver.

FIG. 72 illustrates an example in which the number of symbols is an evennumber in signaling for single-memory deinterleaving irrespective of thenumber of symbols in a frame according to an embodiment of the presentinvention.

In the first frame, information about an interleaving scheme of the FSSmay be acquired from the FI_mode field of the preamble. In the currentembodiment, since the number of OFDM symbols is an even number, only FIscheme #1 may be used.

Then, the FSS may be decoded and thus N_sym information may be acquired.The N_sym information indicates that the number of symbols in thecurrent frame is an even number. After that, the acquired FI_modeinformation and the N_sym information may be used when the frequencydeinterleaver decodes the FES. Since the number of symbols is an evennumber, the symbol offset generator does not operate in theabove-described reset mode. That is, the reset mode may be in an offstate.

Subsequently, even in another frame, since an even number of OFDMsymbols are included, the frequency deinterleaver may operate in thesame manner. That is, the FI scheme to be used in the FSS is FI scheme#1, and the reset mode to be used in the FES may be in an off state.

FIG. 73 illustrates an example in which the number of symbols is an oddnumber in signaling for single-memory deinterleaving irrespective of thenumber of symbols in a frame according to an embodiment of the presentinvention.

In the current embodiment, the N_sym field may indicate that the numberof OFDM symbols in one frame is an odd number. The current embodimentassumes that one frame includes one preamble and seven OFDM symbols.According to another embodiment, bootstrap information may be furtherincluded in front of the preamble. The bootstrap information is notillustrated.

In the current embodiment, like the case in which the number of symbolsis an even number, one frame may include one FSS and one FES. Here, itis assumed that the FSS and the FES have the same length. In addition,since information of the N_sym field is transmitted in the PLS part, thefrequency deinterleaver may acquire the corresponding information afterdecoding the FSS. Furthermore, the current embodiment assumes that theN_sym field is completely decoded before operation on the FES isperformed.

In the FSS of each frame, the value of the symbol offset generator maybe reset to 0. Furthermore, in the FES of an arbitrary frame, the symboloffset generator may operate in a reset mode based on the values of theFI_mode field and the N_sym field. Accordingly, in the FES of thearbitrary frame, the value of the symbol offset generator may be resetor not reset to 0. These reset operations may be alternately performedon frames.

The symbol offset generator may be reset in the last symbol of the firstframe, i.e., the FES. Accordingly, the interleaving sequence may bereset to sequence #0. As such, the frequency interleaver/deinterleavermay process the corresponding FES based on sequence #0 (t54010).

In the FSS of a subsequent frame, the symbol offset generator may bereset again and thus sequence #0 may be used (t54010). The symbol offsetgenerator may not be reset in the FES of the second frame (frame #1),and may be reset again in the FES of the third frame (frame #2).

FIG. 74 illustrates an example in which the number of symbols is an oddnumber in signaling for single-memory deinterleaving irrespective of thenumber of symbols in a frame according to an embodiment of the presentinvention.

In the first frame, information about an interleaving scheme of the FSSmay be acquired from the FI_mode field of the preamble. Since the numberof OFDM symbols is an odd number, FI scheme #1 and FI scheme #2 may beused. In the current embodiment, FI scheme #1 is used in the firstframe.

Then, the FSS may be decoded and thus N_sym information may be acquired.The N_sym information indicates that the number of symbols in thecurrent frame is an odd number. After that, the acquired FI_modeinformation and the N_sym information may be used when the frequencydeinterleaver decodes the FES. Since the number of symbols is an oddnumber and FI scheme#1 is used, the FI_mode field value is 0. Since theFI_mode is 0, the symbol offset generator may operate in theabove-described reset mode. That is, the reset mode may be in an onstate.

The symbol offset generator may operate in the reset mode and thus maybe reset to 0. Since the FI_mode field value is 1 in the second frame,this indicates that the FSS is processed based on FI scheme #2. TheN_sym field indicates that the number of symbols is an odd number. Inthe second frame, since the FI_mode field value is 1 and the number ofsymbols is an odd number, the symbol offset generator may not operate inthe reset mode.

In this manner, the FI scheme to be used in the FSS may be alternatelyset to FI schemes #1 and #2. Furthermore, the reset mode to be used inthe FES may be alternately set to be on and off. According to anotherembodiment, the settings may not be changed every frame.

FIG. 75 illustrates operation of the frequency deinterleaver insignaling for single-memory deinterleaving irrespective of the number ofsymbols in a frame according to an embodiment of the present invention.

The frequency deinterleaver may perform frequency deinterleaving usinginformation of the predefined FI_mode field and/or the N_sym field. Asdescribed above, the frequency deinterleaver may operate using a singlememory. Basically, frequency deinterleaving may be inverse operation ofthe frequency interleaving operation performed by the transmitter, torestore the order of data.

As described above, frequency deinterleaving on the FSS may be performedbased on information about the FI scheme which is acquired from theFI_mode field and the N_sym field of the preamble. Frequencydeinterleaving on the FES may be performed based on informationindicating whether to the reset mode operates, which is acquired usingthe FI_mode field and the N_sym field.

That is, on a pair of input OFDM symbols, the frequency deinterleavermay perform inverse operation of the reading/writing operation of thefrequency interleaver. One interleaving sequence may be used in thisoperation.

However, as described above, the frequency interleaver follows the pingpong architecture using double memories, but the frequency deinterleavermay perform deinterleaving using a single memory. This single-memoryfrequency deinterleaving operation may be performed using information ofthe FI_mode field and the N_sym field. This information may allowsingle-memory frequency deinterleaving even on a frame having an oddnumber of OFDM symbols irrespective of the number of OFDM symbols.

The frequency interleaver according to the present invention may performfrequency interleaving on all data cells of the OFDM symbols. Thefrequency interleaver may map the data cells to available data carriersof the symbols.

The frequency interleaver according to the present invention may operatein different interleaving modes based on FFT size. For example, when theFFT size is 32K, the frequency interleaver may perform randomwriting/linear reading operation on an even symbol and perform linearwriting/random reading operation on an odd symbol as in FI scheme #1described above. Alternatively, when the FFT size is 16K or 8K, thefrequency interleaver may perform linear reading/random writingoperation on all symbols irrespective of an even/odd number.

The FFT size, which determines whether to switch the interleaving modes,may vary according to embodiments. That is, interleaving as in FI scheme#1 may be performed in the case of 32K and 16K, and interleavingirrespective of an even/odd number may be performed in the case of 8K.Alternatively, interleaving as in FI scheme #1 may be performed for allFFT sizes, or interleaving irrespective of an even/odd number may beperformed for all FFT sizes. Otherwise, according to another embodiment,interleaving as in FI scheme #2 may be performed for a specific FFTsize.

This frequency interleaving operation may be performed using theabove-described interleaving sequence (interleaving address). Theinterleaving sequence may be variously generated using an offset valueas described above. Alternatively, address check may be performed togenerate various interleaving sequences.

FIG. 76 illustrates the concept of a variable bit-rate system accordingto an embodiment of the present invention.

Specifically, a transport superframe, shown in FIG. 76, is composed ofN_(TI) _(_) _(NUM) TI groups and each TI group can include N_(BLOCK)_(_) _(TI) FEC blocks. In this case, TI groups may respectively includedifferent numbers of FEC blocks. The TI group according to an embodimentof the present invention can be defined as a block for performing timeinterleaving and can be used in the same meaning as the aforementionedTI block or IF. That is, one IF can include at least one TI block andthe number of FEC blocks in the TI block is variable.

When TI groups include different numbers of FEC blocks, the presentinvention performs interleaving on the TI groups using one twistedrow-column block interleaving rule in an embodiment. Accordingly, thereceiver can perform deinterleaving using a single memory. A descriptionwill be given of an input FEC block memory arrangement method andreading operation of the time interleaver in consideration of variablebit-rate (VBR) transmission in which the number of FEC blocks can bechanged per TI group.

FIG. 77 illustrates writing and reading operations of block interleavingaccording to an embodiment of the present invention. Detaileddescriptions about this figure was described before.

FIG. 78 shows equations representing block interleaving according to anembodiment of the present invention.

The equations shown in the figure represent block interleaving appliedper TI group. As expressed by the equations, shift values can berespectively calculated in a case in which the number of FEC blocksincluded in a TI group is an odd number and a case in which the numberof FEC blocks included in a TI group is an even number. That is, blockinterleaving according to an embodiment of the present invention cancalculate a shift value after making the number of FEC blocks be anodd-number.

A time interleaver according to an embodiment of the present inventioncan determine parameters related to interleaving on the basis of a TIgroup having a maximum number of FEC blocks in the correspondingsuperframe. Accordingly, the receiver can perform deinterleaving using asingle memory. Here, for a TI group having a smaller number of FECblocks than the maximum number of FEC blocks, virtual FEC blockscorresponding to a difference between the number of FEC blocks and themaximum number of FEC blocks can be added.

Virtual FEC blocks according to an embodiment of the present inventioncan be inserted before actual FEC blocks. Subsequently, the timeinterleaver according to an embodiment of the present invention canperform interleaving on the TI groups using one twisted row-column blockinterleaving rule in consideration of the virtual FEC blocks. Inaddition, the time interleaver according to an embodiment of the presentinvention can perform the aforementioned skip operation when amemory-index corresponding to virtual FEC blocks is generated duringreading operation. In the following writing operation, the number of FECblocks of input TI groups is matched to the number of FEC blocks ofoutput TI groups. Consequently, according to time interleaving accordingto an embodiment of the present invention, loss of data rate of dataactually transmitted may be prevented through skip operation even ifvirtual FEC blocks are inserted in order to perform efficientsingle-memory deinterleaving in the receiver.

FIG. 79 illustrates virtual FEC blocks according to an embodiment of thepresent invention.

The left side of the figure shows parameters indicating a maximum numberof FEC blocks in a TI group, the actual number of FEC blocks included ina TI group and a difference between the maximum number of FEC blocks andthe actual number of FEC blocks, and equations for deriving the numberof virtual FEC blocks.

The right side of the figure shows an embodiment of inserting virtualFEC blocks into a TI group. In this case, the virtual FEC blocks can beinserted before actual FEC blocks, as described above.

FIG. 80 shows equations representing reading operation after insertionof virtual FEC blocks according to an embodiment of the presentinvention.

Skip operation illustrated in the figure can skip virtual FEC blocks inreading operation.

FIG. 81 is a flowchart illustrating a time interleaving processaccording to an embodiment of the present invention.

A time interleaver according to an embodiment of the present inventioncan setup initial values (S67000).

Then, the time interleaver according to an embodiment of the presentinvention can perform writing operation on actual FEC blocks inconsideration of virtual FEC blocks (S67100).

The time interleaver according to an embodiment of the present inventioncan generate a temporal TI address (S67200).

Subsequently, the time interleaver according to an embodiment of thepresent invention can evaluate the availability of the generated TIreading address (S67300). Then, the time interleaver according to anembodiment of the present invention can generate a final TI readingaddress (S67400).

The time interleaver according to an embodiment of the present inventioncan read the actual FEC blocks (S67500).

FIG. 82 shows equations representing a process of determining a shiftvalue and a maximum TI block size according to an embodiment of thepresent invention.

The figure shows an embodiment in which the number of TI groups is 2,the number of cells in a TI group is 30, the number of FEC blocksincluded in the first TI group is 5 and the number of FEC blocksincluded in the second TI block is 6. While a maximum number of FECblocks is 6, 6 is an even number. Accordingly, a maximum number of FECblocks, which is adjusted in order to obtain the shift value, can be 7and the shift value can be calculated as 4.

FIGS. 83 to 85 illustrate a TI process of the embodiment describedbefore.

FIG. 83 illustrates writing operation according to an embodiment of thepresent invention.

FIG. 83 shows writing operation for the two TI groups described before.

A block shown in the left side of the figure represents a TI memoryaddress array and blocks shown in the right side of the figureillustrate writing operation when two virtual FEC blocks and one virtualFEC block are respectively inserted into two continuous TI groups. Sincethe adjusted maximum number of FEC blocks is 7, as described above, twovirtual FEC blocks are inserted into the first TI group and one virtualFEC block is inserted into the second TI group.

FIG. 84 illustrates reading operation according to an embodiment of thepresent invention.

A block shown in the left side of the figure represents a TI memoryaddress array and blocks shown in the right side of the figureillustrate reading operation when two virtual FEC blocks and one virtualFEC block are respectively inserted into two continuous TI groups. Inthis case, reading operation can be performed on the virtual FEC blocksin the same manner as the reading operation performed on actual FECblocks.

FIG. 85 illustrates a result of skip operation in reading operationaccording to an embodiment of the present invention.

As shown in the figure, virtual FEC blocks can be skipped in two TIgroups.

FIGS. 86 to 88 illustrate time deinterleaving corresponding to a reverseof TI described before.

Specifically, FIG. 86 illustrates time deinterleaving for the first TIgroup and FIG. 87 illustrates time deinterleaving for the second TIgroup.

FIG. 86 shows a writing process of time deinterleaving according to anembodiment of the present invention.

A left block in the figure shows a TI memory address array, a middleblock shows the first TI group input to a time deinterleaver and a rightblock shows a writing process performed in consideration of virtual FECblocks that are skipped with respect to the first TI group.

As shown in the figure, two virtual FEC blocks skipped during TI can berestored for correct reading operation in the writing process. In thiscase, the positions and quantity of the skipped two virtual FEC blockscan be estimated through an arbitrary algorithm.

FIG. 87 illustrates a writing process of time deinterleaving accordingto another embodiment of the present invention.

A left block in the figure shows a TI memory address array, a middleblock shows the second TI group input to the time deinterleaver and aright block shows a writing process performed in consideration ofvirtual FEC blocks that are skipped with respect to the second TI group.

As shown in the figure, one virtual FEC block skipped during TI can berestored for correct reading operation in the writing process. In thiscase, the position and quantity of the skipped one virtual FEC block canbe estimated through an arbitrary algorithm.

FIG. 88 shows equations representing reading operation of timedeinterleaving according to another embodiment of the present invention.

A TDI shift value used in the receiver can be determined by a shiftvalue used in the transmitter, and skip operation can skip virtual FECblocks in reading operation, similarly to skip operation performed inthe transmitter.

FIG. 89 is a flowchart illustrating a time deinterleaving processaccording to an embodiment of the present invention.

A time deinterleaver according to an embodiment of the present inventioncan setup initial values (S75000).

Then, the time deinterleaver according to an embodiment of the presentinvention can perform writing operation on actual FEC blocks inconsideration of virtual FEC blocks (S75100).

Subsequently, the time deinterleaver according to an embodiment of thepresent invention can generate a temporal TDI reading address (S75200).

The time deinterleaver according to an embodiment of the presentinvention can evaluate the availability of the generated TDI readingaddress (S75300). Then, the time deinterleaver according to anembodiment of the present invention can generate a final TDI readingaddress (S75400).

Subsequently, the time deinterleaver according to an embodiment of thepresent invention can read the actual FEC blocks (S75500).

Features, structures, effects, etc. previously described in connectionwith the embodiments are included in at least one embodiment of thepresent invention and not necessarily in only one embodiment.Furthermore, the features, structures, effects, etc. of each embodimentof the present invention may be combined in any suitable manner with oneor more other embodiments or may be changed by those skilled in the artto which the embodiments pertain. Therefore, it is to be understood thatcontents associated with such combination or change fall within thescope of the present invention.

Although the present invention has been described with reference toembodiments thereof, the embodiments are therefore to be construed inall aspects as illustrative and not restrictive. It should be understoodthat numerous other modifications and applications may be devised bythose skilled in the art that will fall within the intrinsic aspects ofthe embodiments. For example, various variations and modifications arepossible in concrete constituent elements of the embodiments. Inaddition, it is to be understood that differences relevant to thevariations and modifications fall within the scope of the presentinvention defined in the appended claims.

MODE FOR INVENTION

Various embodiments have been described in the best mode for carryingout the invention.

INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY

The present invention is used in fields in which broadcast signals areprovided.

Various equivalent modifications are possible within the spirit andscope of the present invention, as those skilled in the relevant artwill recognize and appreciate. Accordingly, it is intended that thepresent invention cover the modifications and variations of thisinvention provided they come within the scope of the appended claims andtheir equivalents.

The invention claimed is:
 1. A method of transmitting a broadcastsignal, the method comprising: generating, by a broadcast transmitter,service data of a service and service signaling information foracquiring the service and components of the service; generating, by thebroadcast transmitter, signaling data for rapid service scan byacquisition of basic service information, the signaling data including:a first service identifier uniquely identifying the service, a servicecategory which indicates a category of the service, and protectioninformation indicating whether or not a component of the service isprotected; encoding, by the broadcast transmitter, physical layer pipes(PLPs) carrying the service data and the service signaling information,the encoded PLPs carrying the signaling data; and transmitting, by thebroadcast transmitter, a broadcast signal carrying a signal framecarrying the encoded PLPs, wherein the signaling data further includeslocation information for locating the service signaling information, andwherein the service signaling information includes a second serviceidentifier referencing to the first service identifier for linking theservice described in the service signaling information to the servicedescribed in the signaling data.
 2. The method of claim 1, wherein thesignaling data is transmitted in link layer signaling data.
 3. Themethod of claim 1, further comprising: frequency interleaving, by thebroadcast transmitter, data in the signal frame based on a sequence usedfor every pair of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM)symbols comprised of two consecutive OFDM symbols.
 4. An apparatus fortransmitting a broadcast signal, the apparatus comprising: a processorconfigured to: generate service data of a service and service signalinginformation for acquiring the service and components of the service,generate signaling data for rapid service scan by acquisition of basicservice information, the signaling data including: a first serviceidentifier uniquely identifying the service, a service category whichindicates a category of the service, and protection informationindicating whether or not a component of the service is protected, andencode physical layer pipes (PLPs) carrying the service data and theservice signaling information, the encoded PLPs carrying the signalingdata; and a transceiver configured to transmit a broadcast signalcarrying a signal frame carrying the encoded PLPs, wherein the signalingdata further includes location information for locating the servicesignaling information, and wherein the service signaling informationincludes a second service identifier referencing to the first serviceidentifier for linking the service described in the service signalinginformation to the service described in the signaling data.
 5. Theapparatus of claim 4, wherein the signaling data is transmitted in linklayer signaling data.
 6. The apparatus of claim 4, wherein the processoris further configured to frequency interleave data in the signal framebased on a sequence used for every pair of orthogonal frequency divisionmultiplexing (OFDM) symbols pair comprised of two consecutive OFDMsymbols.
 7. A method of receiving a broadcast signal, the methodcomprising: receiving, by a broadcast receiver, a broadcast signalcarrying a signal frame carrying physical layer pipes (PLPs), the PLPscarrying service data of a service, service signaling information foracquiring the service and components of the service, and signaling datafor rapid service scan by acquisition of basic service information,wherein the signaling data includes: a first service identifier uniquelyidentifying the service, a service category which indicates a categoryof the service, and protection information indicating whether or not acomponent of the service is protected; parsing and decoding, by thebroadcast receiver, the signaling data from the received broadcastsignal, wherein the signaling data further includes location informationfor locating the service signaling information; parsing and decoding, bythe broadcast receiver, the service signaling information from thereceived broadcast signal using the location information in thesignaling data, wherein the service signaling information includes asecond service identifier referencing to the first service identifierfor linking the service described in the service signaling informationto the service described in the signaling data; and parsing anddecoding, by the broadcast receiver, the service data of the servicefrom the received broadcast signal using the second signalinginformation.
 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the signaling data isreceived in link layer signaling data.
 9. The method of claim 7, whereindata in the signal frame is frequency interleaved based on a sequenceused for every pair of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM)symbols comprised of two consecutive OFDM symbols.
 10. An apparatus forreceiving a broadcast signal, the apparatus comprising: a transceiverconfigured to receive a broadcast signal carrying a signal framecarrying physical layer pipes (PLPs), the PLPs carrying service data ofa service, service signaling information for acquiring the service andcomponents of the service, and signaling data for rapid service scan byacquisition of basic service information, wherein the signaling dataincludes: a first service identifier uniquely identifying the service, aservice category which indicates a category of the service, andprotection information indicating whether or not a component of theservice is protected; and a processor configured to: parse and decodethe signaling data from the received broadcast signal, wherein thewherein the signaling data further includes location information forlocating the service signaling information, parse and decode the servicesignaling information from the received broadcast signal using thelocation information in the signaling data, wherein the servicesignaling information includes a second service identifier referencingto the first service identifier for linking the service described in theservice signaling information to the service described in the signalingdata, and parse and decode the service data of the service from thereceived broadcast signal using the second signaling information. 11.The apparatus of claim 10, wherein the signaling data is received inlink layer signaling data.
 12. The apparatus of claim 10, wherein datain the signal frame is frequency interleaved based on a sequence usedfor every pair of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM)symbols comprised of two consecutive OFDM symbols.